{"id":1745,"date":"2022-04-17T12:11:01","date_gmt":"2022-04-17T12:11:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/?page_id=1745"},"modified":"2022-04-20T11:40:35","modified_gmt":"2022-04-20T11:40:35","slug":"schizophrenia-spectrum-disorders-6","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/schizophrenia-spectrum-disorders-6\/","title":{"rendered":"Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (6.)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/Should-schizophrenics-market-their-hallucinations-with-original-art\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRd6GMgWWemMOZZYkKayaoOdflTue-U3vsPjA&amp;usqp=CAU\" alt=\"Should schizophrenics market their hallucinations with original art? - Quora\" width=\"611\" height=\"615\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Symptoms<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Positive symptoms<\/strong><ol><li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#0d1b5e\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Delusions<\/mark><\/span><\/strong>: false beliefs that are firmly and consistently held. May be deeply irrational, and lack insight. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><em>People often lack self awareness, most especially o<\/em><\/strong>f <\/span>asociality, delusions, reduced affect, hallucinations and thought disorders. Common delusions include:<ol><li>Delusions of grandeur<\/li><li>Delusions of control (being controlled)<\/li><li>Delusions of thought broadcasting<\/li><li>Delusions of persecution (<strong>paranoid ideation<\/strong>)<\/li><li>Delusions of reference (self is the centre)<\/li><li>Delusions of thought withdrawal<\/li><li><strong>Capgras delusion:<\/strong> (rare) A significant other has been replaced by a doppelg\u00e4nger.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.artmajeur.com\/en\/samy-sfggia\/artworks\/13706633\/doppelganger\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQCCbJFnXiXPSF2SB7br7rUqtZTWjbKqxpctA&amp;usqp=CAU\" alt=\"Doppelg\u00e4nger, Drawing by Samy Sfoggia | Artmajeur\" width=\"601\" height=\"407\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">hallucinations: <\/mark><\/span><\/strong><ol><li><ol><li>auditory (hearing voices is common, may be malicious, benevolent or both)<\/li><li>visual<\/li><li>olfactory<\/li><li>tactile<\/li><li>gustatory<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1767\" width=\"611\" height=\"343\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">disordered thinking:<\/mark><\/span><\/strong> <ol><li><ul><li>Difficulty focusing on one topic, <\/li><li>continuously shifting from topic to topic without a logical or meaningful connection between thoughts. <\/li><li>May also struggle to grasp abstractions, like metaphors and figures of speech.<\/li><li>miscategorization: <strong>overinclusiveness<\/strong> &#8211; seeing things as belonging together that most people would not put together.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>incoherent communication<\/li><li>bizarre behavior<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.moma.org\/collection\/terms\/surrealism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR5LIACDviLcsXwvT-04NJhna3w2MZum63-jQ&amp;usqp=CAU\" alt=\"Surrealism | MoMA\" width=\"608\" height=\"521\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">Psychomotor abnormalities<\/mark><\/span><\/strong><ol><li><ul><li><strong>Catatonia:<\/strong><ol><li>Lack of responsiveness to environment<\/li><li>peculiar body movements and postures<\/li><li>strange gestures and facial expressions<\/li><\/ol><\/li><li><strong>Excited catatonia <\/strong>may include agitation, hyperactivity and uninhibited behavior &#8211; may become violent and dangerous<\/li><li><strong>Withdrawn catatonia<\/strong>: Long periods of non-responsive stupor, immobility, or mutism &#8211; can be life threatening if the person does not eat.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/search.alexanderstreet.com\/preview\/work\/bibliographic_entity%7Cvideo_work%7C3989012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRP9D1_Do2DY7rTtELo53pD8ZIvlN1DfqQseg&amp;usqp=CAU\" alt=\"DSM 5: Mr. Smith, Catatonia Associated with Schizophrenia, Part 2, Catatonia  Associated with Schizophrenia, Part 2 | Alexander Street, a ProQuest Company\" width=\"611\" height=\"343\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">negative symptoms<\/span><\/mark><\/strong>: inability or reduced ability to act, communicate or enjoy life. Sometimes the major symptoms experienced are these ones. Associated with poor prognosis.<ol><li><ol><li><strong>avolition<\/strong>: unable to act or persistent in goal-directed behavior<\/li><li><strong>alogia: <\/strong>lack of meaningful speech<\/li><li><strong>asociality<\/strong>: lack of desire for relationships with others<\/li><li><strong>anhedonia<\/strong>: lack of pleasure<\/li><li><strong>diminished emotional expression<\/strong>: lack of facial expression, vocal intonations, and general emotional responsiveness<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRonkADxuhYtSie9u7351CjyXgJUXJy_capIg&amp;usqp=CAU\" alt=\"man without a face art - Clip Art Library\" width=\"608\" height=\"684\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophrenia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At least <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#f20d0d\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>1<\/strong> <\/mark>of the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>delusions<\/li><li>hallucinations<\/li><li>disorganized speech<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And at least <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#f40606\" class=\"has-inline-color\">2<\/mark><\/strong> of the following<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>delusions<\/li><li>hallucinations<\/li><li>disorganized speech<\/li><li>gross motor disturbances<\/li><li>negative symptoms<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There also needs to be a deterioration in ability to function<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Symptoms must be present most of the time for a month or more, and<strong> must persist for at least 6 months<\/strong> if not treated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3 Phases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most typical course:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Prodromal<\/strong>: The onset stage &#8211; there may be social withdrawal and isolation, neglect of personal grooming, inappropriate behavior, affect or communication during this time.<\/li><li><strong>Active:<\/strong> Full symptoms present.<\/li><li><strong>Residual:<\/strong> symptoms decline and the person may return to the prodromal phase.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle wp-block-ub-content-toggle-block\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-block-f4d7c8a1-4962-4b1a-942c-a81c6e5b59fa\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"false\" data-preventcollapse=\"false\" data-showonlyone=\"false\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #99e4c3;\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #99e4c3;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-f4d7c8a1-4962-4b1a-942c-a81c6e5b59fa\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-f4d7c8a1-4962-4b1a-942c-a81c6e5b59fa\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Biological dimension<\/h4>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down open\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-f4d7c8a1-4962-4b1a-942c-a81c6e5b59fa\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Multiple gene pathway rather than single genes. Tendency is inherited to a large extent. General population has a 1% prevalence. If you have a blood relative with schizophrenia, you have a 16% chance of developing the disorder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Decreased cortical volume and increased ventricles (spaces) in the brain. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Abnormal neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, GABA , glutamate. It is possible that schizophrenia is associated with <strong>excessive dopamine<\/strong> in the brain, because<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>antipsychotics block dopamine receptor sites<\/li><li>L-dopa is a drug for Parkinson&#8217;s that increases dopamine, and can trigger schizophrenic symptoms.<\/li><li>Amphetamines increase dopamine availability. They can trigger schizophrenic-like symptoms in users, and trigger worse symptoms in people with schizophrenia.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Using cocaine, amphetamines, alcohol, LSD and <strong>cannabis in particular<\/strong> increase the chances of developing a psychotic disorder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Around pregnancy and childbirth, risk factors include head trauma, a difficult birth and prenatal infections.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #99e4c3;\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #99e4c3;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-1-f4d7c8a1-4962-4b1a-942c-a81c6e5b59fa\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-f4d7c8a1-4962-4b1a-942c-a81c6e5b59fa\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Psychological Dimension<\/h4>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down open\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-1-f4d7c8a1-4962-4b1a-942c-a81c6e5b59fa\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A certain level of social disconnection &#8211; lack of empathy and a focus on one&#8217;s own thoughts and feelings, seem to increase a person&#8217;s vulnerability to developing schizophrenia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Early cognitive deficits also seem to be correlated with later development of schizophrenia and related disorders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Negative expectancy appraisals may be associated with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #99e4c3;\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #99e4c3;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-2-f4d7c8a1-4962-4b1a-942c-a81c6e5b59fa\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-f4d7c8a1-4962-4b1a-942c-a81c6e5b59fa\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Social Dimension<\/h4>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down open\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-2-f4d7c8a1-4962-4b1a-942c-a81c6e5b59fa\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Childhood trauma increases the risk of developing schizophrenia, especially bullying and maltreatment from peers or caregivers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Expressed emotion<\/strong> is a negative family communication pattern that increases the relapse rate for people with schizophrenia amongst some cultures but not in others.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #99e4c3;\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #99e4c3;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-3-f4d7c8a1-4962-4b1a-942c-a81c6e5b59fa\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-f4d7c8a1-4962-4b1a-942c-a81c6e5b59fa\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Sociocultural Dimension<\/h4>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down open\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-3-f4d7c8a1-4962-4b1a-942c-a81c6e5b59fa\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prevalence is possible correlated with discrimination, because it is higher amongst, immigrant groups -especially African people in Europe and also amongst African-Americans. But this may be due to bias amongst the diagnosticians. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Also correlates with poverty.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Recovery Model<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A collaborative and optimistic approach to recovery for people living with schizophrenia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>improvement is possible (Significantly true for about 40% of all people diagnosed with Schizophrenic Disorders.)<\/li><li>You are not your disorder<\/li><li>You can find ways to cope with symptoms<\/li><li>empowerment helps to correct the sense of hopelessness and dependence which comes with traditional diagnosis and treatment<\/li><li>Establish or strengthen social connections to support healing<\/li><li>Cultivate and discover themes of hope, optimism, self-determination, self-respect, happiness and engagement in life to change your experience of your life and your identity for the better.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTe5BCX4efvqOOjih0l8MqdmpQpAFkbGCihCw&amp;usqp=CAU\" alt=\"Library Foundation Helps Bring JCAP Recovery Art Project to Life - Eagle  Country 99.3\" width=\"615\" height=\"347\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Treatment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Antipsychotic medication<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The newer atypical antipsychotics have less Parkinsonian side effects, but have other side effects and may be less effective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both conventional and atypical antipsychotics seem to help with the positive symptoms, such as hallucinations, but less for the negative ones. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They also do not help everyone. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A lot of people (50 &#8211; 75%) stop taking their medication, <strong>mainly because of the side effects<\/strong> &#8211; 80%<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Others believe they don&#8217;t need the medication &#8211; 58%. There is about 30% who stop taking the meds due to mistrust of the mainstream medical system\/practitioner, and 20% because others advised them to stop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Side effects of antipsychotics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The side effects of long term use of conventional anti-psychotics are around 90% prevalent over the long term, and some are permanent and life-threatening.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They include: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>extra-pyramidal symptoms: <ul><li>Parkinsonism (tremors, shakiness, immobility)<\/li><li>dystonia (slow and continued involuntary movements of the limbs and tongue)<\/li><li>akathisia (motor restlessness)<\/li><li>neuroleptic malignant syndrome (potentially fatal autonomic instability and muscle rigidity)<\/li><li>loss of facial expression, shuffling gait, tremors, rigidity, loss of balance.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Increased risk of metabolic syndrome<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTb9nWB7andc05CDKwosktMBY99fHzpe622Lg&amp;usqp=CAU\" alt=\"A Short History of Tardive Dyskinesia: 65 Years of Drug-Induced Brain  Damage That Rolls On and On - Mad In America\" width=\"611\" height=\"643\"\/><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/www.madinamerica.com\/2020\/11\/tardive-dyskinesia-brain-damage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.madinamerica.com\/2020\/11\/tardive-dyskinesia-brain-damage\/<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cognitive behavioral therapy can help people <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>develop coping skills, <\/li><li>a safe space where clients can engange with their symptoms and stressors, <\/li><li>help assessing and identifying negative beliefs<\/li><li>and helpful and unhelpful responses to symptoms,<\/li><li>normalization of symptoms can help<\/li><li>collaborative analysis of symptoms and beliefs that go with them<\/li><li>for example, clients can learn to disregard hostile and threatening voices<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Family interventions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Family support and acceptance makes or breaks the situation for many people with schizophrenic disorders. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In order to facilitate this intervention programs can help with families that have good communication patterns as well as families that do not. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>normalizing<\/li><li>demonstrating concern, empathy and sympathy for all family members<\/li><li>educating about schizophrenia<\/li><li>avoiding blame or pathologizing the families coping styles<\/li><li>identifying strengths and competencies<\/li><li>developing problem-solving skills and stress management<\/li><li>teaching coping strategies for coping with the symptoms and how they affect the family<\/li><li>strengthen the communication skills of all family members. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQSyK-J5S6KqK8-It2cL8fYJsYA2-cIT5H-Rw&amp;usqp=CAU\" alt=\"Tips for Parents and Friends of People with Schizophrenia\" width=\"611\" height=\"319\"\/><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/helpful-hints-about-schizophrenia-for-family-members-and-others\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/schizophrenia\/helpful-hints-about-schizophrenia-for-family-members-and-others<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Other schizophrenia spectrum disorders<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Delusional disorder<\/strong> &#8211; delusions for up to a month<\/li><li><strong>Brief psychotic disorder<\/strong> <strong><em> <\/em><\/strong>&#8211; delusions, hallucinations and\/or disordered speech for 1 day to 1 month<\/li><li><strong>schizophreniform disorder<\/strong> &#8211; 2 or more symptoms for 1 to 6 months<\/li><li>schizoaffective disorder<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle wp-block-ub-content-toggle-block\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-block-ff2db283-0b3b-4689-bbad-f303912afdee\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"true\" data-preventcollapse=\"false\" data-showonlyone=\"false\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f7c307;\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f7c307;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-ff2db283-0b3b-4689-bbad-f303912afdee\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-ff2db283-0b3b-4689-bbad-f303912afdee\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Delusional Disorder<\/h4>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-ff2db283-0b3b-4689-bbad-f303912afdee\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Persistent delusions for at least one month without other unusual<\/strong><\/em><strong><em> or odd behaviors.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quite rare, and people may not seek help, because apart from the delusions, they can live quite normally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Common delusions may include: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>erotomania <\/strong>&#8211; believing someone is in love with you (affects women more than men)<\/li><li><strong>grandiosity<\/strong> &#8211; believing one is a great person of great significance<\/li><li><strong>Jealousy<\/strong> &#8211; believing your partner is cheating on you<\/li><li><strong>persecution<\/strong> &#8211; believing others are plotting against you (affects men more than women).<\/li><li><strong>somatic complaints<\/strong> &#8211;  believing you smell bad, are deformed or infected with disease or parasites<\/li><li><strong>Nihlistic<\/strong> &#8211; Belief that a major catastrophe will occur.<\/li><li><strong>Referential<\/strong> &#8211; believing that things that are happening around you are about you -eg gossip, coincidences etc<\/li><li><strong>Religious<\/strong> &#8211; believing you are Jesus etc<\/li><li><strong>Loss of control <\/strong>&#8211; Belief of loss of control over mind or body\/being manipulated by others, and includes thought withdrawal\/insertion\/control.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT2lf6EXY9ZocUmwD__PaSA2s0iaVHNaZB-AA&amp;usqp=CAU\" alt=\"The God Delusion \u2013 The Philosopher's Eye\" width=\"564\" height=\"851\"><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f7c307;\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f7c307;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-1-ff2db283-0b3b-4689-bbad-f303912afdee\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-ff2db283-0b3b-4689-bbad-f303912afdee\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Brief Psychotic Disorder<\/h4>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-1-ff2db283-0b3b-4689-bbad-f303912afdee\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em> Delusions, hallucinations and\/or disordered speech for 1 day to 1 month<\/em><\/strong> &#8211; no longer. May possibly include other psychotic symptoms as well. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May be triggered by pregnancy or for up to a month after childbirth. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Often abrupt and distressing, requiring hospitalization. May be triggered by sudden or cumulative stressors. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">10% of all psychotic symptoms are due to this disorder, and it is twice as common in women. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-7.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1768\" width=\"558\" height=\"687\"><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f7c307;\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f7c307;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-2-ff2db283-0b3b-4689-bbad-f303912afdee\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-ff2db283-0b3b-4689-bbad-f303912afdee\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Schizophreniform Disorder<\/h4>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-2-ff2db283-0b3b-4689-bbad-f303912afdee\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Delusions, hallucinations and\/or disordered speech for 1 to 6 months. There must be 2 or more symptoms which may also include gross motor disturbances or negative symptoms.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Occurs equally in both men and women<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One third of people recover. Especially likely if <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>the onset is sudden, <\/li><li>they were doing well before the onset, <\/li><li>and there are no negative symptoms.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two thirds go on to develop schizophrenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSqqK4d4LyJk0kFYGDSy1dCkwrRjbYQnIB4Lw&amp;usqp=CAU\" alt=\"What It's Like to Have a Psychotic Break\" width=\"559\" height=\"315\"><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oprah.com\/inspiration\/what-its-like-to-have-a-psychotic-break\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.oprah.com\/inspiration\/what-its-like-to-have-a-psychotic-breakhttps:\/\/www.oprah.com\/inspiration\/what-its-like-to-have-a-psychotic-break<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f7c307;\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f7c307;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-3-ff2db283-0b3b-4689-bbad-f303912afdee\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-ff2db283-0b3b-4689-bbad-f303912afdee\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Schizoaffective Disorder<\/h4>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-3-ff2db283-0b3b-4689-bbad-f303912afdee\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Schizophrenia in conjunction with  major depression\/ bipolar  symptoms.<\/em><\/strong> To get a positive diagnosis, the schizophrenic symptoms must persist even when the manic\/ depressive symptoms are not present for at two weeks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quite rare, and more prevalent in women.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pinterest.es\/pin\/369013763193154396\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRygJZE6Tw-TZroSF5gN35d4sPbfgOxv3pKqA&amp;usqp=CAU\" alt=\"psychotic-art: Dario Moschetta | Portrait art, Portrait painting, Culture  art\" width=\"555\" height=\"935\"><\/a><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"UNISA PYC3702 Schizophrenia spectrum disorders\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Yx6aUiV8AA4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<div style=\"display:flex; gap:10px;justify-content:center\" class=\"wps-pgfw-pdf-generate-icon__wrapper-frontend\">\n\t\t<a  href=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1745?action=genpdf&amp;id=1745\" class=\"pgfw-single-pdf-download-button\" ><img src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-generator-for-wp\/admin\/src\/images\/PDF_Tray.svg\" title=\"Generate PDF\" style=\"width:auto; height:50px;\"><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Symptoms Positive symptoms Delusions: false beliefs that are firmly and consistently held. May be deeply irrational, and lack insight. People&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/schizophrenia-spectrum-disorders-6\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (6.)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1745","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"featured_image_src":null,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (6.) - Unisa Psych<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/schizophrenia-spectrum-disorders-6\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (6.) - Unisa Psych\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Symptoms Positive symptoms Delusions: false beliefs that are firmly and consistently held. May be deeply irrational, and lack insight. 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