{"id":353,"date":"2021-09-03T18:11:11","date_gmt":"2021-09-03T18:11:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/?page_id=353"},"modified":"2021-10-18T10:51:42","modified_gmt":"2021-10-18T10:51:42","slug":"carl-rogers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/carl-rogers\/","title":{"rendered":"Carl Rogers PYC2601"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Carl Rogers is perhaps the most loved and quoted theorist. Counselors still turn to him for inspiration in how to listen to clients empathically every day. This makes him well worth understanding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This page covers  the textbook in simple language for PYC2601 at Unisa. This will help us pass and succeed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I hope it also helps us get inspired and get excited about this amazing man and his work. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unisa is a wonderful opportunity &#8211; we are extremely fortunate to have it. But we do miss out. We miss out on the flirtation, the free exposure to art, the drinking, the hot lecturers, the tutorials, the magnificent libraries, the music and the freedom of a huge open mosh-pit of the mind that a real physical university can offer.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I hope this website and the linked videos help nourish us a tiny bit more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Practice questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<strong>QUESTION 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In terms of Rogers\u2019 theory, the self concept &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> is fixed which allows an individual to experience a sense of continuity throughout the lifespan.<\/li><li>is a representation of the value that individuals attach to themselves.<\/li><li> is similar to the ideal self.<\/li><li> is that fixed structure of personality which makes it possible for the individual to exercise freedom of choice.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<p>[democracy id=&#8221;1&#8243;]<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle wp-block-ub-content-toggle-block\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-block-8722b337-64fb-4ac9-a065-ec4600ba6553\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"true\" data-preventcollapse=\"false\" data-showonlyone=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #E4D1D1;\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #E4D1D1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-8722b337-64fb-4ac9-a065-ec4600ba6553\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-8722b337-64fb-4ac9-a065-ec4600ba6553\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-8722b337-64fb-4ac9-a065-ec4600ba6553\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I had to take out the answers because of problems with student dishonesty. You can work out the answer from this webpage.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>QUESTION 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Samuel sees himself as a good son who could not possibly be attracted to the activities of some of his peers, such as smoking dagga. Samuel has included the value of his father of \u201cif you are a good son you will not be attracted to socially unacceptable activities\u201d in his view of what a good son should be. When Samuel enters high school, he experiences the intense wish to \u201cbreak loose\u201d and to experiment with dagga with his peers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Rogers\u2019 theory, Samuel .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A) received unconditional positive regard from his father.<\/li><li>B) received conditional positive regard from his father.<\/li><li>C) incorporated a condition of worth into his self-concept.<\/li><li>D) is likely to become a fully functioning person.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The correct answer is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) (b) &amp; (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3) (a) &amp; (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4) (a) &amp; (d)<\/p>\n\n\n<p>[democracy id=&#8221;1&#8243;]<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle wp-block-ub-content-toggle-block\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-block-559a9f2c-133c-4ce5-bc0b-262f14dd9178\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"false\" data-preventcollapse=\"false\" data-showonlyone=\"false\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #E4D1D1;\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #E4D1D1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-559a9f2c-133c-4ce5-bc0b-262f14dd9178\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-559a9f2c-133c-4ce5-bc0b-262f14dd9178\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-559a9f2c-133c-4ce5-bc0b-262f14dd9178\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <a href=\"#development-of-self-concept\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">#development-of-self-concept<\/a> #conditions-of-worth<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>QUESTION 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In terms of Rogers\u2019 theory, Samuel is likely to function &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> incongruently because his self-concept differs from his organismic experiences.<\/li><li> congruently because he will tend to behave in accordance with his self-concept.<\/li><li> congruently because his self-concept and true organismic potential are in accordance with one another.<\/li><li> incongruently because his wish to experiment with dagga is in line with his self-concept.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<p>[democracy id=&#8221;1&#8243;]<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle wp-block-ub-content-toggle-block\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-block-e63d9c6d-3161-42ea-94e5-34598811dad9\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"false\" data-preventcollapse=\"false\" data-showonlyone=\"false\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #E4D1D1;\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #E4D1D1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-e63d9c6d-3161-42ea-94e5-34598811dad9\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-e63d9c6d-3161-42ea-94e5-34598811dad9\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-e63d9c6d-3161-42ea-94e5-34598811dad9\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> <a href=\"#incongruence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">#incongruence<\/a> <a href=\"#definitions-rogers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">#definitions-rogers<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">QUESTION 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Rogers, the individual&#8217;s phenomenal field consists of .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A) his subjective interpretation of external objects and events<\/li><li>B) his emotional experiences<\/li><li>C) events imagined even if not physically present<\/li><li>D) events in his environment which he does not attend to <strong>The correct answer is:<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) (a), (b) &amp; (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) (a) &amp; (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3) (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4) (a), (b), (c) &amp; (d)<\/p>\n\n\n<p>[democracy id=&#8221;1&#8243;]<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle wp-block-ub-content-toggle-block\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-block-86ad041f-5c82-4d94-b8df-0206edbfa455\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"false\" data-preventcollapse=\"false\" data-showonlyone=\"false\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #E4D1D1;\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #E4D1D1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-86ad041f-5c82-4d94-b8df-0206edbfa455\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-86ad041f-5c82-4d94-b8df-0206edbfa455\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-86ad041f-5c82-4d94-b8df-0206edbfa455\">\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The phenomenal field is the field of everything in a person&#8217;s subjective reality of which they are aware. #proposition-2<\/li><\/ol>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Rogers, the actualising tendency is .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>the need to develop according to societal norms and standards.<\/li><li>the value that one attaches to him\/herself.<\/li><li>The human being\u2019s basic need for approval and appreciation.<\/li><li> inherent tendency of organisms to expand or grow in order to become what they can be.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<p>[democracy id=&#8221;1&#8243;]<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle wp-block-ub-content-toggle-block\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-block-6ace4cc9-879d-42bd-ad6b-ed6d6c7f2f95\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"false\" data-preventcollapse=\"false\" data-showonlyone=\"false\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #E4D1D1;\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #E4D1D1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-6ace4cc9-879d-42bd-ad6b-ed6d6c7f2f95\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-6ace4cc9-879d-42bd-ad6b-ed6d6c7f2f95\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-6ace4cc9-879d-42bd-ad6b-ed6d6c7f2f95\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. The actualising tendency is the inherent tendency of organisms to expand or grow in order to become what they can be. <a href=\"#proposition-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">#proposition-6<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Carl Rogers on the Counseling Relationship\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mwAGAaHg0MY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>2 minute video on empathic listening<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The humanistic-phenomenological school of thought<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile is-style-twentytwentyone-border\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"293\" height=\"172\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/phenomenology-portrait.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-354 size-full\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"phenomenological\">Phe no men o logical<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Understanding a person&#8217;s inner experience of reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">      Understanding a person in terms of the meaning they give to themselves and their world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This means <strong>the subjective experience of the person<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Carl Roger&#8217;s Humanism is based on 3 assumptions: <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Phenomenology<\/strong> = subjective experience of self and the world<\/li><li><strong>Constructive potential<\/strong> = people have goals that shape their actions, feelings and thoughts.<\/li><li><strong>People change<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">People find it easiest to change and reach their true potential when they are unconditionally accepted and feel free to develop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"582\" height=\"436\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/The-curious-paradox-is-that-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/The-curious-paradox-is-that-1.jpg 582w, https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/The-curious-paradox-is-that-1-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 582px) 100vw, 582px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Short biography<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:20% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/xcarl-rogers-as-a-child.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.LVU3bdC4f9.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-358 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/xcarl-rogers-as-a-child.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.LVU3bdC4f9.jpg 200w, https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/xcarl-rogers-as-a-child.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.LVU3bdC4f9-171x300.jpg 171w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-e05dd826-c38d-4976-b7c1-c2205086fb38\"><li>Born in 1902<\/li><li>Conservative and devout protestant family who moved to a farm.<\/li><li>Strong religious biblical, but also scientific influence from his family<\/li><li>A quiet sensitive child<\/li><li>Started studying theology in 1924, but found it limited his freedom of thought.<\/li><li>Changed his major to psychology and obtained his PHD in 1931. <\/li><li>He worked right until his death at the age of 85 in 1987.<\/li><li>In the last 15 years of his life he  worked around the world in places of conflict: Northern Ireland, South Africa, Brazil, the Philippines and other countries<\/li><li>He was happily married for 55 years. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-4 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"178\" height=\"284\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Carl-rogers-student.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"359\" data-link=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/?attachment_id=359\" class=\"wp-image-359\"\/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"246\" height=\"205\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Carl-rogers-adult.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"360\" data-link=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/?attachment_id=360\" class=\"wp-image-360\"\/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"237\" height=\"213\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Carl-rogers-middle-age.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"361\" data-link=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/?attachment_id=361\" class=\"wp-image-361\"\/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"191\" height=\"264\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/carl-rogers-old-age.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"362\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/carl-rogers-old-age.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/?attachment_id=362\" class=\"wp-image-362\"\/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Carl Rogers in South Africa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Used person-centred approach to work with groups of black and white participants. These workshops seem to have been discontinued according to a quick google search.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Carl Rogers ~ Facilitating South Africa\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ybXYDSJba48?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>5 minutes &#8211; fascinating &#8211; we have come a long way&#8230;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Basic beliefs about human beings: <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-749d3974-e441-4da6-8a08-23b9746807ad\"><li><strong>Phenomenology<\/strong> = subjective experience of self and the world<\/li><li><strong>Constructive potential<\/strong> = people have goals that shape their actions, feelings and thoughts.<\/li><li><strong>People change<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Sometimes it is hard for people to change or to reach their goals due to an adverse environment in which they are not free. <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Concepts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most of this is the work of <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/quizlet.com\/AleaNicole\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/quizlet.com\/AleaNicole<\/a> on quizlet. I have simplified a sentence here and there and added 8 more. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure id=\"definitions-rogers\" class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\"><table><thead><tr><th>Term<\/th><th>Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1. Self-concept (The self)<\/td><td>The perceptions and meaning associated with the self,me,or I.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2. Phenomenology<\/td><td>The study of human experience; in personality psychology, an approach to personality theory that focuses on how the person perceives and experiences the self and the world.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3. Phenomenal field<\/td><td>The individual&#8217;s way of perceiving and experiencing his or her world<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4. Self-esteem<\/td><td>Esteem = value. The person&#8217;s evaluation of the self or personal judgement of worthiness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5. Ideal Self<\/td><td>The self concept the individual would most like to possess. A key concept in Roger&#8217;s theory.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6. Need for positive regard<\/td><td>The fundamental human need to be accepted and respected by other persons.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7. Self-actualization<\/td><td>Actual = real, so to actualise is to make real, create, or manifest. <br>The fundamental tendency of the organism to actualize, maintain, enhance itself and fulfill its potential. A concept emphasized by Rogers and other members of the human potential movement.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>actualising potential<\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"420\" height=\"221\" class=\"wp-image-398\" style=\"width: 420px;\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/a-direction.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/a-direction.jpg 310w, https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/a-direction-300x158.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8. Conditions of worth<\/td><td>Standards of evaluation that are not based on one&#8217;s own true feelings, preferences, and inclinations. <br> And instead on others&#8217; judgements about what constitutes desirable forms of action.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9. Congruence<\/td><td>Roger&#8217;s concept expressing an absence of conflict between the perceived self and experience. Also, one of three conditions suggested as essential for growth and therapeutic progress.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10. Incongruence<\/td><td>Roger&#8217;s concept of the existence of a discrepancy or conflict between the perceived self and experience<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>11. Self-consistency<\/td><td>Roger&#8217;s concept expressing an absence of conflict among perceptions of the self.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>12. Distortion<\/td><td>A defensive process in which experience is changed so as to be brought into awareness in a form that is consistent with the self.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Distortion and photoshop in media<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic.photocdn.pt%2Fimages%2Farticles%2F2019%2F02%2F08%2Fdo_selfies_hurt_your_body_image.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.photographytalk.com%2Fdistorted-teens-photoshop-their-own-pictures-until-they-re-social-media-perfect&amp;tbnid=oxGTIgeCTqJ4EM&amp;vet=12ahUKEwjyvNT60efyAhUNyRoKHY3NBfoQMygbegUIARDqAQ..i&amp;docid=ALiOt1j1ZzSwzM&amp;w=1024&amp;h=726&amp;q=media%20photoshop%20body%20image&amp;hl=en&amp;client=safari&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjyvNT60efyAhUNyRoKHY3NBfoQMygbegUIARDqAQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"420\" height=\"297\" class=\"wp-image-400\" style=\"width: 420px;\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/distortion.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>13. Subception<\/td><td>A process emphasized by Rogers in which a stimulus is experienced without being brought into awareness.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>14. Denial<\/td><td><a>A defense mechanism, emphasized by both Freud and Rogers, in which threatening feelings are not allowed into awareness.<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>15. organism<\/td><td>person or other living being<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>16. differentiated<\/td><td>1. To become distinct or specialized; acquire a different character. \u00b7 2. To make distinctions; discriminate. \u00b7 3. Biology To undergo&nbsp;<em>differentiation<\/em> during development or evolution.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>differentiation<\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"420\" height=\"279\" class=\"wp-image-399\" style=\"width: 420px;\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/differentiation-2.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17. Internal frame of reference<\/td><td><br>A person&#8217;s own desires,  thoughts, feelings and phenomenological field.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>18. symbolisation<\/td><td>&nbsp;In&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/social-cognitive-theory\">social-cognitive theory<\/a>, the ability to think about one\u2019s social behavior in terms of words and images.&nbsp;<strong>\u2014symbolize<\/strong>&nbsp;<em>vb.<\/em><br>For Rogers, &#8216;<strong>consciousness (or awareness)<\/strong>&nbsp;is the symbolization of some of our experience&#8217;, its &#8216;symbolic representation (not necessarily in verbal symbols)&#8217;\u2014the three terms &#8216;<strong>awareness<\/strong>, <strong>symbolization<\/strong>, and <strong>consciousness<\/strong>&#8216; are used interchangeably.  (1959, p. 198; 1951, p. 483). <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.allanturner.co.uk\/papers.asp?function=paper&amp;id=21\" target=\"_blank\">Source<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>19. self-structure<\/td><td><br>How self-knowledge is organised<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>20. organismic self<\/td><td><br><strong>The true self<\/strong> \u2013&nbsp;the total sum of a person&#8217;s experiences and predispositions on all levels. See also ideal self and self concept. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>21. organismic experience<\/td><td><br>&nbsp;All living entities with a central nervous system will encounter some form of organismic experience; an organism&#8217;s physiological senses will naturally respond to its internal and\/or external experiences.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>22. Visceral feeling<\/td><td>When something&#8217;s visceral, you feel it in your guts. A visceral feeling is&nbsp;<strong>intuitive<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 there might not be a rational explanation, but you feel that you know what&#8217;s best.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>23. Gestalt<\/td><td><strong>The form or shape of something<\/strong>. Includes the idea that&nbsp; the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. There is an emphasis on perception in this particular theory of counseling. Gestalt therapy gives attention to how we place meaning and make sense of our world and our experiences.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.verywellmind.com%2Fthmb%2FeeOE_vlEEJ3WIx7SdrnwYiSALIs%3D%2F1500x1000%2Ffilters%3Afill(ABEAC3%2C1)%2Fgestalt-laws-of-perceptual-organization-2795835-01-8f488f3d191048a0bc42e23ff9470042.png&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.verywellmind.com%2Fgestalt-laws-of-perceptual-organization-2795835&amp;tbnid=wt4F8vLJUmpmjM&amp;vet=12ahUKEwi2ytKy5ufyAhUIexoKHbGVDDkQMygBegUIARCuAQ..i&amp;docid=LvijCISAB2QPFM&amp;w=1500&amp;h=1000&amp;q=gestalt%20definition%20psychology&amp;hl=en&amp;client=safari&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi2ytKy5ufyAhUIexoKHbGVDDkQMygBegUIARCuAQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/gestalt-laws.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-405\" width=\"606\" height=\"403\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The 19 Propositions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These are the key assumptions that underlie his theory and his practical work with clients. They are important. And they are in very difficult language, even for a native speaker. So let&#8217;s get stuck in&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:47% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"275\" height=\"184\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Martyr-Fyodor.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-366 size-full\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<ol id=\"proposition-2\" class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-list\"><li> Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experiencing of which he is the centre. ie: <strong><em>Each person experiences a changing world in which they are the centre.<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li> The organism reacts to the field as it is experienced and perceived.&nbsp; This perceptual field is, for the individual, \u2018reality\u2019. ie: <strong>The human <em>organism<\/em> responds to this subjective perceptual field &#8211; it is reality for the person.<\/strong><\/li><li>The organism reacts as an organised whole to this <em><strong>phenomenal field<\/strong><\/em> = subjective external reality.<\/li><\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Carl Rogers - Nineteen Propositions (Part 1)\" width=\"750\" height=\"563\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sO5vPyWMgXQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>6 minutes explaining some of the vocab and the first proposition. This is taught by a very useful UK body. If your goal is counselling, join the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/472203952972076\" target=\"_blank\">Counselling Tutor Facebook group<\/a> and you can learn a lot as you go. There are 2 more videos on YouTube if you want to go listen.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:31% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/differentiation.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-367 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/differentiation.jpg 225w, https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/differentiation-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">4.   A portion of the total perceptual field gradually becomes differentiated as the self. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">In other words, <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/CounsellingTutor\/CTP+013+19+Propositions\/Carl+Rogers+19+Propositions+Decoded.pdf?inf_contact_key=9f0f3c7159a48e29cc4e7e861026a86dfa505d9c5b727534d856712e32108964\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">part of my reality is my sense of self<\/a><\/em><\/strong>. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:58% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.atlasobscura.com%2Fmedia%2FW1siZiIsInVwbG9hZHMvYXNzZXRzL2IwYzc3ODI1MDc3YmI2Nzc3Zl9TaWVnZS1hbGVzaWEtdmVyY2luZ2V0b3JpeC1qdWxlcy1jZXNhci5qcGciXSxbInAiLCJjb252ZXJ0IiwiIl0sWyJwIiwiY29udmVydCIsIi1xdWFsaXR5IDgxIC1hdXRvLW9yaWVudCJdLFsicCIsInRodW1iIiwiNzgweDUyMCMiXV0%2FSiege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Farticles%2Ftrousers-pants-roman-history-banned-trajan&amp;tbnid=O8cwomAutarf4M&amp;vet=12ahUKEwif57u5yOPyAhUSohoKHfpCCZgQMygXegUIARDeAQ..i&amp;docid=x7Lh5AD463PM3M&amp;w=780&amp;h=520&amp;q=art%20paintings%20court%20and%20rhetoric&amp;hl=en&amp;client=safari&amp;ved=2ahUKEwif57u5yOPyAhUSohoKHfpCCZgQMygXegUIARDeAQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"275\" height=\"183\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/individuation-and-identity.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-370 size-full\"\/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"proposition-5\">5.  The structure of self is formed  resulting from interaction with the environment and from the evaluation of others. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">This is an organised, fluid but consistent conception pattern of perceptions and values and relationships of the &#8220;I&#8221; to the environment and to others. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/CounsellingTutor\/CTP+013+19+Propositions\/Carl+Rogers+19+Propositions+Decoded.pdf?inf_contact_key=9f0f3c7159a48e29cc4e7e861026a86dfa505d9c5b727534d856712e32108964\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">This means<\/a><strong><em> I create a sense of self from the environment, and according to other&#8217;s opinions. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>This is<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>fluid, but stable<\/em><\/strong>. <strong><em>And I see my own identity in terms of my values<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:34% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"208\" height=\"242\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Rogers-proposition-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-373 size-full\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"proposition-6\">6.   The organism has one basic tendency and striving &#8211; to actualise, maintain and enhance the experiencing organism. This means: <strong><em>You have an innate desire to grow, thrive and learn.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">7.   The best vantage point for understanding behaviour is from the internal frame of reference of the individual. This means: <strong><em>You need to understand someone&#8217;s behavior from the their point of view.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"275\" height=\"183\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/looting-trolley.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-375 size-full\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">8.   Behaviour is basically the goal-directed attempt of the organism to satisfy its needs as experienced in the field as perceived. This means <strong><em>people act to satisfy their needs as they personally experience them.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">9.   Emotion accompanies and in general facilitates such behaviour. The emotion is related to the perceived significance of the behaviour for the maintenance and enhancement of the organism. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">This means: <strong>Emotion drives and goes with the behaviour. Emotions are about personal needs<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile is-image-fill\" style=\"grid-template-columns:39% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\" style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/conumerism.jpg);background-position:50% 50%\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"281\" height=\"180\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/conumerism.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-376 size-full\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">10. The values attached to experiences, and the values which are part of the self structure, in some instances are values experienced directly by the organism, and in some instances are values introjected or taken over from others, but perceived in a distorted fashion, as if they had been experienced directly.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.the-pca.org.uk\/about\/carl-rogers.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">This means: <em><strong>As we live, we build up a picture of ourselves<\/strong><\/em><\/a><em><strong>, called the self-concept, from relating to and being with others and by interacting with the world.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong> Sometimes we believe other people\u2019s version of reality and we absorb these values into our self-concept as though they were our own.<\/strong> &nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:37% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=i&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ideelart.com%2Fmagazine%2Fabstract-portraits&amp;psig=AOvVaw1BDsRgzYNwh6-UMqNy3xc-&amp;ust=1630849439759000&amp;source=images&amp;cd=vfe&amp;ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCPjarIm65fICFQAAAAAdAAAAABAH\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"309\" height=\"436\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Untitled-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-380 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Untitled-1.png 309w, https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Untitled-1-213x300.png 213w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 309px) 100vw, 309px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">11.   As experiences occur in the life of an individual, they are either a) symbolized, perceived and organized into some relationship to the self, b) ignored because there is no relationship to the self-structure, c) denied symbolization or given a distorted symbolization because the experience is inconsistent with the structure of the self.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>This means: As I have experiences in life I can:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-list\"><li><strong>relate to them as relevant to me<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>ignore them<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>deny that they matter, or distort them so they fit into my sense of who I am.<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:37% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.dailymail.co.uk%2Fi%2Fpix%2F2013%2F03%2F28%2Farticle-2300695-18F805BF000005DC-56_1024x615_large.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymail.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticle-2300695%2FSebastien-Del-Grosso-Artist-draws-attention-digital-self-portrait-photo-sketches.html&amp;tbnid=e7F2lsEg9R84GM&amp;vet=12ahUKEwjvlqDlzOXyAhUELxoKHSHmAwwQMyhVegUIARCdAQ..i&amp;docid=6P0d2AULqy5aAM&amp;w=1024&amp;h=615&amp;q=art%20self&amp;hl=en&amp;client=safari&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjvlqDlzOXyAhUELxoKHSHmAwwQMyhVegUIARCdAQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"290\" height=\"174\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/self-matching.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-383 size-full\"\/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">12. Most of the ways of behaving which are adopted by the organism are those which are consistent with the concept of the self. Meaning:<strong><em> Most of what we do matches who we think we are.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile is-image-fill\" style=\"grid-template-columns:48% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\" style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/self-beyond.jpg);background-position:50% 50%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.ctfassets.net%2Fcnu0m8re1exe%2Fr6dsGyGeTuR6jte0QcvsW%2Fc086e4cc13aa84925bd3e87a0a09c735%2FScreen_Shot_2021-08-06_at_2.14.11_PM.png%3Ffm%3Djpg%26fl%3Dprogressive%26w%3D660%26h%3D433%26fit%3Dfill&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discovermagazine.com%2Fmind%2Fcan-science-explain-near-death-experiences&amp;tbnid=AjsCKNA70YcArM&amp;vet=10CNABEDMoxwFqFwoTCLjtysDL5fICFQAAAAAdAAAAABAC..i&amp;docid=a-Q0-zXLLU1GmM&amp;w=660&amp;h=433&amp;q=art%20nde&amp;hl=en&amp;client=safari&amp;ved=0CNABEDMoxwFqFwoTCLjtysDL5fICFQAAAAAdAAAAABAC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"277\" height=\"182\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/self-beyond.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-382 size-full\"\/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">13.   Behaviour may, in some instances, be brought about by organic experiences and needs which have not been symbolised.&nbsp; Such behaviour may be inconsistent with the structure of the self, but in such instances the behaviour is not \u2018owned\u2019 by the individual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">This means that: <strong><em>Sometimes we don&#8217;t understand our own behaviour because we haven&#8217;t recognised our needs and essential nature.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:38% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.pinimg.com%2Foriginals%2F63%2Ff9%2Fcd%2F63f9cdbcb422752e745d3007538d90b7.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fpin%2F152348399878508843%2F&amp;tbnid=ZhjpqJCCvqWglM&amp;vet=12ahUKEwj6l5iS0uXyAhVSlxoKHQJaARkQMygBegUIARCtAQ..i&amp;docid=CHYz1SLqFv8OtM&amp;w=600&amp;h=797&amp;q=art%20self%20image&amp;hl=en&amp;client=safari&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj6l5iS0uXyAhVSlxoKHQJaARkQMygBegUIARCtAQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"195\" height=\"259\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/maladjustment.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-384 size-full\"\/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">14.   Psychological maladjustment exists when the organism denies to awareness significant sensory and visceral experiences, which consequently are not symbolized and organised into the gestalt of the self-structure.&nbsp; When this situation exists, there is a basic or potential psychological tension.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">This means <strong><em><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.the-pca.org.uk\/about\/carl-rogers.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">When we experience something that doesn\u2019t fit with our picture of ourselves and we cannot fit it in with that picture, we feel tense, anxious, frightened or confused.&nbsp;<\/a>&nbsp;<\/em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:42% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fcoolwallpapers.me%2Fpicsup%2F5290337-person-portrait-face-dark-female-lady-girl-woman-fashion-black-gentle-calm-smile-young-brunette-art-beauty-free-images.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fcoolwallpapers.me%2F5290337-person-portrait-face-dark-female-lady-girl-woman-fashion-black-gentle-calm-smile-young-brunette-art-.html&amp;tbnid=cefhvO_OiIr2HM&amp;vet=12ahUKEwi7pazw0-XyAhULRBoKHTWjDmoQMyhiegUIARC4AQ..i&amp;docid=gBlkOhBgQeq0qM&amp;w=5923&amp;h=3890&amp;q=art%20calm%20face&amp;hl=en&amp;client=safari&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi7pazw0-XyAhULRBoKHTWjDmoQMyhiegUIARC4AQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"277\" height=\"182\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/calm-face.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-385 size-full\"\/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"proposition-15\">15.   Psychological adjustment exists when the concept of the self is such that all the sensory and visceral experiences of the organism are, or may be, assimilated on a symbolic level into a consistent relationship with the concept of the self.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Meaning: <strong><em>When your reality and your actions are  in harmony with who you are, then you feel integrated and comfortable in your own skin.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:37% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fw7.pngwing.com%2Fpngs%2F871%2F64%2Fpng-transparent-girl-woman-face-eyes-close-up-robot-cyborg-android-robotics-future-thumbnail.png&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pngwing.com%2Fen%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Drobot%2BFace&amp;tbnid=BqR8Ec-pNxeDCM&amp;vet=12ahUKEwiOkbTU3eXyAhVtgM4BHVAWAMkQMygkegUIARCrAg..i&amp;docid=U8vCm3RAZeCB8M&amp;w=360&amp;h=372&amp;q=robot%20face&amp;hl=en&amp;client=safari&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiOkbTU3eXyAhVtgM4BHVAWAMkQMygkegUIARCrAg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"221\" height=\"228\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/robot-face.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-386 size-full\"\/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">16.   Any experience which is inconsistent with the organization or structure of self may be perceived as a threat, and the more of these perceptions there are, the more rigidly the self-structure is organized to maintain itself.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Meaning: <em><strong>When things don&#8217;t fit with our sense of self, we feel unsafe.&nbsp; The more unsafe we feel, the more we cling to our identity.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:36% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.fineartamerica.com%2Fimages%2Fartworkimages%2Fmediumlarge%2F1%2Finner-peace-jennifer-main.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Ffineartamerica.com%2Ffeatured%2Finner-peace-jennifer-main.html&amp;tbnid=A416BiYkhVjb9M&amp;vet=12ahUKEwj62u2-3uXyAhUClBoKHcTdCG0QMygBegUIARDQAQ..i&amp;docid=1IR94VkOj29-BM&amp;w=717&amp;h=900&amp;q=inner%20peace%20art&amp;hl=en&amp;client=safari&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj62u2-3uXyAhUClBoKHcTdCG0QMygBegUIARDQAQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"252\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/inner-peace.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-387 size-full\"\/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">17.   Under certain conditions, involving primarily complete absence of any threat to the self-structure, experiences which are inconsistent with it may be perceived, and examined, and the structure of self revised to assimilate and include such experiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">This means: <strong><em>When we feel safe, we can take in experiences that challenge our sense of self and reality. So we can can change our self-concept and world-view.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:42% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Funsungart.co.za%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F02%2FUnsung_Art_Gary_Frier_Riel_Saam-300x300.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Funsungart.co.za%2Fproduct-tag%2Fdancing-people%2F&amp;tbnid=a7C91HGx2v18KM&amp;vet=10COABEDMovAFqFwoTCNjkjs7h5fICFQAAAAAdAAAAABAC..i&amp;docid=1fwTmjAc_s4JtM&amp;w=300&amp;h=300&amp;itg=1&amp;q=dancing%20art&amp;hl=en&amp;client=safari&amp;ved=0COABEDMovAFqFwoTCNjkjs7h5fICFQAAAAAdAAAAABAC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/dancing-people.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-388 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/dancing-people.jpg 225w, https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/dancing-people-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">18.    When the individual perceives and accepts into one consistent and integrated system all his sensory and visceral experiences, then he is necessarily more understanding of others and is more accepting of others as separate individuals.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Meaning: <strong><em>When you have an integrated sense of self that is integrated with your world, then you can understand and accept others too.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:49% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=i&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fjuicyquotes.com%2Ftag%2Fcarl-rogers%2F&amp;psig=AOvVaw0jT6p-VGheGfPtHElJsXD6&amp;ust=1630861761720000&amp;source=images&amp;cd=vfe&amp;ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCMDr7P7n5fICFQAAAAAdAAAAABAF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/authority-quote-28.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-392 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/authority-quote-28.jpg 600w, https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/authority-quote-28-300x158.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"proposition-19\">19.   As the individual perceives and accepts into his self-structure more of his organic experiences, he finds that he is replacing his value system \u2013 based so largely upon introjections which have been distortedly symbolized \u2013 with a continuing organismic valuing process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Meaning: <strong><em>As you integrate your actual life into your sense of self, you value yourself more truly. You release false values that come from outside, and were not a good fit for you.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/quizlet.com\/38012062\/match\/embed?i=3l069y&amp;x=1jj1\" height=\"500\" width=\"100%\" style=\"border:0\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Carl Roger&#039;s theory of personality\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jhZtBfUd9Nk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>3.40 min<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"structure-of-personality\">The structure of the personality<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3 structural elements:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The organism<\/li><li>The phenomenal field<\/li><li>The self-concept<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Remember that the <strong>organism<\/strong> is the living being. The real self.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>phenomenal field<\/strong> is the personal subjective experience of the outside world and the inner world. The total field of experiences. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>self concept<\/strong> is the gestalt of the I or me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The sense of self. It is the conscious aspect of self &#8211; not always at the forefront of the mind, but retrievable as needed.  It is given value. It includes relates to the image that people have of themselves and how they act in all aspects of life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"incongruence\"><strong>Incongruence<\/strong> is deeply uncomfortable for a person. The self concept, the ideal self and the organismic or real self are all different and may even be at odds. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Part of the goal of therapy is to help people achieve congruence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-2021-09-05-at-14.31.33.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-406\" width=\"453\" height=\"421\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-2021-09-05-at-14.31.33.png 371w, https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-2021-09-05-at-14.31.33-300x279.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\" \/><figcaption>The three are different. Incongruence.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a psychologically healthy person there is <strong>congruence<\/strong> between the self concept, the ideal self and the organismic self.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-2021-09-05-at-14.31.51.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-407\" width=\"449\" height=\"418\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-2021-09-05-at-14.31.51.png 371w, https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Screenshot-2021-09-05-at-14.31.51-300x279.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px\" \/><figcaption>Congruence: the organismic self, the ideal self and the self concept overlap and have a lot in common. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dynamics-of-personality\">The dynamics of the personality<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What drives behaviour? How does the personality work?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What drives behaviour?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The <strong>actualising tendency<\/strong>.  (Main drive)<em>The inherent drive to grow, thrive and be the best you can be.<\/em><ul><li>The actualising tendency is broader than Maslow&#8217;s self-actualising, because we strive to actualise ourselves either congruently or uncongruently.<\/li><li>We strive to actualise our organismic self, and\/or our <strong>self -concept<\/strong>. This would be self-actualising for Carl Rogers. So it may be congruent with the organismic self or it may be incongruent. <\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>The <strong>need for positive regard<\/strong><\/li><li>The <strong>need for positive self-regard<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hp-lexicon.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F06%2Fbad-dobby.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hp-lexicon.org%2F%3Fattachment_id%3D23053&amp;tbnid=kLU_n6-vaf1oeM&amp;vet=12ahUKEwim1LnO8efyAhUNdBoKHRSsCMwQMygYegUIARDyAQ..i&amp;docid=0vyTMZlBZiG_rM&amp;w=677&amp;h=1008&amp;q=bad%20dobby&amp;hl=en&amp;client=safari&amp;ved=2ahUKEwim1LnO8efyAhUNdBoKHRSsCMwQMygYegUIARDyAQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"184\" height=\"274\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/bad-dobby.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-410\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Incongruent self-actualisation<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These three motives for behaviour may also not be in harmony. For example, people can make choices that do not really suit them because they want the approval (positive regard) of their parents. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"conditions-of-worth\">The values we take on from others are called <strong>conditions of worth<\/strong>. These can also lead to incongruity. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fthumbs.dreamstime.com%2Fb%2Fsad-woman-happy-face-mask-vector-icon-white-girl-mood-change-fake-smile-social-emotion-pop-art-unhappy-female-character-220860532.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dreamstime.com%2Fillustration%2Fsad-happy-icon.html&amp;tbnid=I0H-Fz9PsV1SRM&amp;vet=12ahUKEwjt3qnx_OfyAhUH8RoKHegjBDUQMygJegUIARCkAQ..i&amp;docid=GQhAEOFQAze6fM&amp;w=800&amp;h=800&amp;q=pop%20icon%20unhappy&amp;hl=en&amp;client=safari&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjt3qnx_OfyAhUH8RoKHegjBDUQMygJegUIARCkAQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/selfworth.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-413\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/selfworth.jpg 225w, https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/selfworth-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Smile and the world smiles with you.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"224\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/denial.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/denial.jpg 225w, https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/denial-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Denial<\/strong>: We may deny aspects of our real selves if they are incongruent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"distortion\">Or we may use <strong>distortion<\/strong> as way to mask incongruence. Distortion is a  defensive process in which experience is changed so as to be brought into awareness in a form that is consistent with the self.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/mirror-lies.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-415\" width=\"472\" height=\"264\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Jordan Peterson explains Rogers&#039; concept of &#039;incongruence&#039;\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yzCbl3zboXg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>7.30 min really getting to the heart of this. There are some fantastic lectures by Jordan Peterson about Carl Rogers and other aspects of Personality theories. If you just leave it, it should play through to them.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Self Concept &amp; Experience<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Experiences may be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ignored<\/strong>. Like I ignore the sport section of the news.<\/li><li><strong>Symbolised:<\/strong> Bring them into consciousness<\/li><li><strong>Refuse to symbolise<\/strong> the experience. Because it is contrary to the self concept. This may lead to <strong>subception<\/strong>. Remember subception is process in which a stimulus is experienced without being brought into awareness.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"194\" height=\"259\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/swooning.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-416\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/quizlet.com\/38012062\/flashcards\/embed?i=3l069y&amp;x=1jj1\" height=\"500\" width=\"80%\" style=\"border:0\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The development of the personality<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Babies<\/strong> start life undifferentiated and without a self-structure. Gradually they learn how to meet their needs. Then over time, especially through interactions with others, they form a self-concept.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over time we add meaning to our self-concept according to our experiences and the meanings and roles that others give to us.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"development-of-self-concept\">The development of the self concept is influenced by two key factors:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"unconditional-positive-regard\"><li><strong>Unconditional positive regard<\/strong>: This means acceptance from others exactly as you are. This unconditionality give you the freedom to explore your potential and become fully actualised. You can realise all your innate abilities. <ul><li><strong><em>Note<\/em><\/strong>: <em>It is not necessary to accept all behaviour in order to accept the person unconditionally.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Conditional positive regard<\/strong>: Positive regard is conditional on your acting and being what others approve of. This can act like blinkers on a horse, and restrict your potential.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Optimum development<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fquotes.thefamouspeople.com%2Fimages%2Fquotes%2Fcarl-rogers-102370.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fquotes.thefamouspeople.com%2Fcarl-rogers-961.php&amp;tbnid=q624EJH4m2AYJM&amp;vet=12ahUKEwiIqau0k-jyAhUMaRoKHaLND3wQMyhAegQIARBS..i&amp;docid=jorRFKi-QSG3AM&amp;w=700&amp;h=360&amp;q=carl%20rogers%20optimum%20development%20quotes&amp;hl=en&amp;client=safari&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiIqau0k-jyAhUMaRoKHaLND3wQMyhAegQIARBS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/growth.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-423\" width=\"607\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/growth.jpg 313w, https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/growth-300x154.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 607px) 100vw, 607px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:38% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fqt.azureedge.net%2Fresources%2Fquotes-images-large%2Fthe-only-person-who-is-educated-is-the-one-who-has-learned-how-to-learn-and-chang-6205abc69f7e075eaf41d63d77540f58.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quotetab.com%2Fquote%2Fby-carl-rogers%2Fthe-only-person-who-is-educated-is-the-one-who-has-learned-how-to-learn-and-chang&amp;tbnid=91RFx-ojuKXhFM&amp;vet=12ahUKEwi5-szOlOjyAhUCHBoKHcImDScQMygIegUIARC4AQ..i&amp;docid=xMXuT_lT8gkg0M&amp;w=800&amp;h=405&amp;q=carl%20rogers%20learn%20quotes&amp;hl=en&amp;client=safari&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi5-szOlOjyAhUCHBoKHcImDScQMygIegUIARC4AQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"316\" height=\"160\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/learn-to-change.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-424 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/learn-to-change.jpg 316w, https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/learn-to-change-300x152.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<ol class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-list\"><li>A growing openness to experience.<\/li><\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:30% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fdogtrainingobedienceschool.com%2Fpic%2F149144_full-life-meaningful-sunset-quotes-carl-rogers-sunset-quote-sunset-quotes-carl-rogers.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fdogtrainingobedienceschool.com%2Flife-meaningful-sunset-quotes.html&amp;tbnid=sDD16GVfWdd4UM&amp;vet=12ahUKEwjzqNqolejyAhUBTBoKHcZcBZMQMygjegUIARDpAQ..i&amp;docid=ZDYAzXooi9aUBM&amp;w=650&amp;h=650&amp;q=carl%20rogers%20living%20in%20the%20moment%20quotes&amp;hl=en&amp;client=safari&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjzqNqolejyAhUBTBoKHcZcBZMQMygjegUIARDpAQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sunsets.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-425 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sunsets.jpg 225w, https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sunsets-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">2.  An increasing tendency to live each moment fully.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:30% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"255\" height=\"198\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/shoe.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-426 size-full\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"organismic-trust\">3. Increasing organismic trust: trusting yourself and your visceral feelings.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:18% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fmessages.365greetings.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F07%2Fbe-yourself-quotes-08.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fmessages.365greetings.com%2Fquotes%2Fbe-yourself-quotes-and-sayings.html&amp;tbnid=3CWMyOjZxJJ9pM&amp;vet=10CDMQMyh5ahcKEwiYg4zemOjyAhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQAg..i&amp;docid=x9pvPsvBuFHadM&amp;w=550&amp;h=733&amp;q=carl%20rogers%20freedom%20quotes&amp;hl=en&amp;client=safari&amp;ved=0CDMQMyh5ahcKEwiYg4zemOjyAhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQAg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"194\" height=\"259\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/openly.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-427 size-full\"\/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">4. Freedom of choice: Because people answer to themselves, not others, they are free to make their own choices.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:31% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brainyquote.com%2Fphotos_tr%2Fen%2Fc%2Fcarlrogers%2F101353%2Fcarlrogers1.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brainyquote.com%2Fauthors%2Fcarl-rogers-quotes&amp;tbnid=pgvV9wcXz6S6TM&amp;vet=12ahUKEwjJhpGimOjyAhVG4BoKHeAsDCYQMygoegUIARD-AQ..i&amp;docid=dbZLRaAnKtq1DM&amp;w=600&amp;h=315&amp;q=carl%20rogers%20freedom%20quotes&amp;hl=en&amp;client=safari&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjJhpGimOjyAhVG4BoKHeAsDCYQMygoegUIARD-AQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"310\" height=\"163\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/creativity.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-428 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/creativity.jpg 310w, https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/creativity-300x158.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">5. Creativity<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:36% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fquotes.thefamouspeople.com%2Fimages%2Fquotes%2Fcarl-rogers-102389.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fquotes.thefamouspeople.com%2Fcarl-rogers-961.php&amp;tbnid=71dn0FV-2ZUFbM&amp;vet=12ahUKEwjG26jjmejyAhUN3RoKHVu9DQQQMygIegUIARC7AQ..i&amp;docid=jorRFKi-QSG3AM&amp;w=700&amp;h=360&amp;q=carl%20rogers%20goodness%20quotes&amp;hl=en&amp;client=safari&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjG26jjmejyAhUN3RoKHVu9DQQQMygIegUIARC7AQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"313\" height=\"161\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/more.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-429 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/more.jpg 313w, https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/more-300x154.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 313px) 100vw, 313px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">6. Basic reliability and constructiveness. Because people are basically good, when they are actualised, they are benevolent and trustworthy<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:58% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.azquotes.com%2Fpicture-quotes%2Fquote-this-process-of-the-good-life-is-not-i-am-convinced-a-life-for-the-faint-hearted-it-carl-rogers-65-23-79.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.azquotes.com%2Fquote%2F652379&amp;tbnid=22OXm4SHukNzPM&amp;vet=12ahUKEwifvOzwmujyAhXO_IUKHXwyASYQMygCegUIARCaAQ..i&amp;docid=2Ob_yFd1cRIASM&amp;w=850&amp;h=400&amp;q=carl%20rogers%20fainthearted%20quotes&amp;hl=en&amp;client=safari&amp;ved=2ahUKEwifvOzwmujyAhXO_IUKHXwyASYQMygCegUIARCaAQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"327\" height=\"154\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/faint.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-430 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/faint.jpg 327w, https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/faint-300x141.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 327px) 100vw, 327px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">7. A rich full life<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"psychopathology-rogers\">Psychopathology<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/risk.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-431\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/risk.jpg 600w, https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/risk-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/risk-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Incongruence gives rise to maladaptive behaviour and anxiety.  This threatens the self concept and gives rise to defence mechanisms:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>denial<\/li><li>distortion<\/li><li>subception<\/li><li>rigid clinging to a false self &#8211; this can be a cumulative process that leads a person deeper and deeper into inauthenticity and falsehood.<\/li><li>Carl Rogers <strong>actively avoided using labels<\/strong> such as neurotic, psychotic, and nowadays, that would be the latest fashion: narcissistic. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Psychotherapy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Person Centred Therapy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Carl Rogers - The Person Centred Approach\" width=\"750\" height=\"563\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rlQPQ3XGTEs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>2 min. Funny and useful intro<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Careful and attentive listening with little speech<\/strong> and much <strong>reflecting back the feelings<\/strong> you are hearing from the client. <ul><li>If you have practiced this listening, you will have experienced how effective it can be to help people understand themselves and move forward. <\/li><li>Reflecting delicately and in an open ended way: &#8220;<em>If I understand you correctly, her criticism is hurtful to you. Is that right?<\/em>&#8221; <\/li><li>So the client can then correct you freely or modify, or move on from that point comfortably.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Person centred therapy can be used in education and commerce.<\/li><li>The <strong>client takes responsibility<\/strong> for their own change. <\/li><li>Not a patient, a <strong>client<\/strong>.<\/li><li> The therapist is a <strong>facilitator<\/strong>. <\/li><li><strong>unconditional positive regard<\/strong>, <strong>warmth<\/strong> and <strong>empathy<\/strong>.The client should feel free and safe. <\/li><li><strong>transfer of power<\/strong> &#8211; empowerment<\/li><li><strong>create a growth facilitating climate<\/strong> (like a gardener)<ol><li><strong>sincerity and congruence<\/strong>: be yourself and be visible &#8211; don&#8217;t hide what you are and what you feel. Part of this is not being too passive and silent &#8211; a little self-disclosure is very helpful to create trust and safety, because then the client can see who you are.<\/li><li><strong>unconditional positive regard<\/strong>: unconditional acceptance and caring<\/li><li><strong>empathy<\/strong>: listening for feelings and being aware of them &#8211; even those the client may not be conscious of. <\/li><\/ol><\/li><li>&#8220;<em>Courage is a pre-requisite for empathic understanding<\/em>.&#8221;  Because listening deeply changes you.<\/li><li>Observe from the <strong>client&#8217;s frame of reference<\/strong>: Step into their world and their reality, which may be very different from your own.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Carl Rogers meets with Steve\" width=\"750\" height=\"563\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/r_yGBnZXFFA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>5 min Person centred therapy in action<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aggression-rogers\">Aggression<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the Rogerian take: Yes there is a lot of evil and aggressive behaviour. No this is not inherent in human nature. It is a product of a harmful environment, from birth onwards. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Healing takes place in an understanding and accepting atmosphere. When a person feels safe and whole and is in integrity with him or herself, there is no need for aggression. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you really understand a person, their capacity for, and choice to be violent may make perfect sense to you, as it does to them. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"2015 Personality Lecture 10: Humanism: Carl Rogers\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/V9Ql5V7-OQo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>Jordan Peterson 1h20 min &#8211; the last 20 min look at aggression. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">More practice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>QUESTION 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Losita believes that she is from another planet and has come to visit the earth in order to save its inhabitants. She tells you that the reason her psychiatrist says she is psychotic is because she speaks in a language that human beings do not have the intellectual capacity to understand, and he is too defensive to admit his own ignorance and so rather regards her as having a mental disability. How would Rogers explain Losita\u2019s behaviour?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A) Rogers would understand Losita\u2019s view of her psychiatrist as defensive, as her psychiatrist would need to protect his self concept against the incongruent experience that he may not be intelligent.<\/li><li>B) Rogers would explain Losita\u2019s psychosis as arising from a \u2018defenseless state\u2019 in which her incongruities became conscious, with her personality becoming disorganised as a result.<\/li><li>C) Rogers would view Losita\u2019s behaviour as proof of the malfunctioning that can occur when a person\u2019s defense mechanisms no longer function effectively.<\/li><li>D) Rogers would regard Losita\u2019s behaviour as resulting from the use of denial as a way of dealing with her misconceptions rather than the more effective defense mechanism of distortion.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The correct answer is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) (a) &amp; (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) (b) &amp; (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3) (c) &amp; (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4) (b) &amp; (c)<\/p>\n\n\n<p>[democracy id=&#8221;1&#8243;]<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle wp-block-ub-content-toggle-block\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-block-9956b7f0-bac0-417a-a2ae-3844ce343e92\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"false\" data-preventcollapse=\"false\" data-showonlyone=\"false\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #E4D1D1;\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #E4D1D1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-9956b7f0-bac0-417a-a2ae-3844ce343e92\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-9956b7f0-bac0-417a-a2ae-3844ce343e92\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-9956b7f0-bac0-417a-a2ae-3844ce343e92\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This question needs to be teased out in some detail. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B definitely applies. When a person&#8217;s defence mechanisms no longer function effectively, a <strong>defenceless state<\/strong> arises in which incongruities exist and are conscious, and are incorporated into the self-concept in a disorganised way giving rise to psychosis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A is true for Losita. She believes her psychiatrist is defending himself against knowing the truth. But this is not <strong>objectively<\/strong> true.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And C is also true. A defenceless state occurs when a person&#8217;s defences no longer function effectively. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Thandeka has been in corporate banking for the better part of her adult working life. She has been very successful and has advanced more rapidly than many of her colleagues. Despite her achievements, however, she does not feel fulfilled through her work. She feels more drawn to helping people realise their potential and \u2018workshopping\u2019 with them around personal growth issues. Eventually Thandeka takes the leap and resigns from her well-paid position in the banking industry to pursue her dream. While she feels apprehensive and fears some of the consequences of her choice, she also trusts implicitly that this is the right course for her to be taking.<\/em> <strong>Which one of the following statements about the fully functioning person according to Rogers best describes Thandeka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Thandeka has gone through the process of growth required in order to realise her full potential and can expect to remain in the static bliss of \u2018the good life\u2019 for the rest of her life.<\/li><li> Thandeka is functioning fully as she demonstrates the basic characteristic of being more open to society\u2019s needs than her own, thereby enabling her to sacrifice her financial success in order to contribute more meaningfully to her community.<\/li><li> Thandeka demonstrates the characteristic trait of the fully functioning person by being increasingly open to defending against being a conformist. In this manner she has managed to close herself off to certain external experiences in order to remain open to her internal experience of wanting to make this career change.<\/li><li> Thandeka felt free to make this choice, as she feels increasingly able to trust her sense of what is right for herself as opposed to depending on existing codes and norms, which may dictate that a secure job is the better option.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<p>[democracy id=&#8221;1&#8243;]<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle wp-block-ub-content-toggle-block\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-block-e4f963dc-1154-41e2-9c13-66280ae63faa\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"false\" data-preventcollapse=\"false\" data-showonlyone=\"false\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #E4D1D1;\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #E4D1D1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-e4f963dc-1154-41e2-9c13-66280ae63faa\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-e4f963dc-1154-41e2-9c13-66280ae63faa\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-e4f963dc-1154-41e2-9c13-66280ae63faa\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <a href=\"#organismic-trust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">#organismic-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">QUESTION 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alan has entered the stage of the so called \u2018terrible two\u2019s\u2019 with the development of his will power leading him to throw tantrums. Which one of the following do you think most accurately reflects the advice that Rogers would give Alan\u2019s parents?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> In order to accept Alan you need to accept his behaviour and find another way in which to cope with your own frustration at his tantrums, as opposed to limiting his free expression of self.<\/li><li> Alan must be allowed to express all of his emotions openly, as only the unlimited expression of all his emotions will enable him to experience a sense of freedom.<\/li><li> Let Alan know that you understand his feelings that he has the right to feel that way and that you love him no matter what, but that his tantrum behaviour is not acceptable.<\/li><li> You should show resignation and defeat in response to Alan\u2019s tantrums, as only when he sees that you feel powerless to change his behaviour will he begin to feel guilty and start choosing more constructive responses.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<p>[democracy id=&#8221;1&#8243;]<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle wp-block-ub-content-toggle-block\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-block-c831fa3b-b49c-4080-a25c-6fb6fc7c1c22\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"true\" data-preventcollapse=\"false\" data-showonlyone=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #E4D1D1;\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #E4D1D1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-c831fa3b-b49c-4080-a25c-6fb6fc7c1c22\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-c831fa3b-b49c-4080-a25c-6fb6fc7c1c22\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-c831fa3b-b49c-4080-a25c-6fb6fc7c1c22\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <a href=\"#unconditional-positive-regard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">#unconditional-positive-regard<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As a young boy, Paul loved building things and taking them apart. As an adult, Paul decided to follow a career in engineering. In terms of Rogers\u2019 theory, which one of the following deductions made from this story, is <strong>INCORRECT?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>His parents provided him with unconditional positive regard.<\/li><li>His behaviour, to follow a career in engineering, is congruent with his true organismic potential.<\/li><li>His parents provided him with conditional positive regard.<\/li><li>He is actualising his potential by following a career in engineering<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<p>[democracy id=&#8221;1&#8243;]<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle wp-block-ub-content-toggle-block\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-block-98111b97-655b-4233-bc23-ce646c938903\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"false\" data-preventcollapse=\"false\" data-showonlyone=\"false\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #E4D1D1;\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #E4D1D1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-98111b97-655b-4233-bc23-ce646c938903\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-98111b97-655b-4233-bc23-ce646c938903\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-98111b97-655b-4233-bc23-ce646c938903\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is a horrible question. We cannot actually in truth deduce anything. The most likely truth is that his behaviour is in congruence with his true potential. Less likely is that he is actualising his potential (which is still potentially true or untrue). Less likely is that his parents gave him unconditional positive regard and least likely although not deducable is that his parents gave him conditional positive regard. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you know which answer UNISA favours, please put it in the comments box at the bottom of the page.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">QUESTION 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which one of the following most accurately expresses the phenomenological dimension of Rogers\u2019 view of the person?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Thabo breaks his relationship off with Tracey as she is always limiting his freedom to be who he truly is.<\/li><li> Lesiba has always wanted to be a teacher ever since he was a young boy and his mother appreciates the view he has of himself.<\/li><li> Gerald values his mother\u2019s opinion of him as it provides him with an objective view of himself.<\/li><li> Paul\u2019s sister subjectively experiences him as a compassionate person, which has strongly influenced Paul\u2019s view of their mother as compassionate.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<p>[democracy id=&#8221;1&#8243;]<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle wp-block-ub-content-toggle-block\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-block-f350c63f-5bbb-4770-8397-e3f0239edb38\" data-mobilecollapse=\"false\" data-desktopcollapse=\"false\" data-preventcollapse=\"false\" data-showonlyone=\"false\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #E4D1D1;\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #E4D1D1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-f350c63f-5bbb-4770-8397-e3f0239edb38\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-f350c63f-5bbb-4770-8397-e3f0239edb38\" style=\"color: #000000; \">Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-f350c63f-5bbb-4770-8397-e3f0239edb38\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The person is at the centre of their own experiences, and the way that others sees them becomes part of that constructed reality.  <a href=\"#phenomenological\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">#phenomenological <\/a> <a href=\"#proposition-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">#proposition-5<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The power of forgiveness | Sammy Rangel | TEDxDanubia\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/iOzJO6HRIuA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>21 minutes on how person centred therapy can answer extreme violence. Difficult listen.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Carl Rogers for Unisa Psychology Personology Course PYC2601\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1tE8HQtuW3c?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>55 min long talk through this page<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div style=\"display:flex; gap:10px;justify-content:center\" class=\"wps-pgfw-pdf-generate-icon__wrapper-frontend\">\n\t\t<a  href=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/353?action=genpdf&amp;id=353\" class=\"pgfw-single-pdf-download-button\" ><img src=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-generator-for-wp\/admin\/src\/images\/PDF_Tray.svg\" title=\"Generate PDF\" style=\"width:auto; height:50px;\"><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Carl Rogers is perhaps the most loved and quoted theorist. Counselors still turn to him for inspiration in how to&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/carl-rogers\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Carl Rogers PYC2601<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-353","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"featured_image_src":null,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Carl Rogers PYC2601 - Unisa Psych<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/carl-rogers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Carl Rogers PYC2601 - Unisa Psych\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Carl Rogers is perhaps the most loved and quoted theorist. 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