{"id":686,"date":"2021-10-07T11:15:52","date_gmt":"2021-10-07T11:15:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/?page_id=686"},"modified":"2024-07-02T08:13:12","modified_gmt":"2024-07-02T08:13:12","slug":"free-pyc2605-exam-practice","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/allalignedhealing.com\/unisapsych\/free-pyc2605-exam-practice\/","title":{"rendered":"Free PYC2605 exam practice"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Using this Free Study Guide<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Psychological research show that you retain information better<\/a> if you first try to grasp for the answer in your mind and then receive the information you need to get it right. This free PYC2605 exam practice is all about focussing on the question, and only then learning the answers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So think about the question before looking for the answer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you have the stamina, please then use your textbook, Google, and your study guide to identify the correct answer before clicking on the answer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Please note I do not know the correct answers according to UNISA<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong>, but these answers are mainly correct. So if we get different answers, please research carefully and decide for yourself. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The HIV Aids course is very good, so they tend to ask similar questions because this helps you learn the key parts of the course. So once we have practised with enough MCQ\u2019s you should have some good knowledge under your belt for the exams and your future career<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Let’s turn learning into a game and have fun!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Free<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Free PYC2605 exam practice: Q1 – 5<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Which HI virus type is predominant in Southern Africa?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1)  HIV 1 Subtype B<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2)  HIV 1 Subtype C<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3)  HIV 2 Subtype B and C in combination<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4)  HIV 2 Subtype C<\/p>\n\n\n

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Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

<\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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2. HIV1 Subtype C<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

QUESTION 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Which of the following features describe the HI virus?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(a) It is a retrovirus<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(b) It is a very small organism<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(c) It is roughly circular in shape<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(d) It can only be seen with a strong magnifying glass<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The correct answer is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1)  (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2)  (b) and (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3)  (a) (b) and (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4)  (a) (b) (c) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n

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Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

<\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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3. Viruses can only be seen with an electron microscope. They are much tinier than bacteria and cells.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

QUESTION 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are various biological, epidemiological and socioeconomic factors that influence the spread of HIV infection. Women are biologically <\/em><\/strong><\/em>more vulnerable to HIV infection than men, because women ___.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) living in traditional African societies are usually forced to comply with cultural practices, such as living with their in-laws and subjecting themselves to the practice of widow cleansing<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) are exposed to semen for a longer time during sex than men are to vaginal<\/p>\n\n\n\n

fluids, and semen contains higher concentrations of HIV than do vaginal fluids<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3)  living in poor and deprived conditions are often forced to become sex workers in order to keep themselves and their children alive<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4)  often have more sexual partners than men<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the definition of \u2018HIV-exposed\u2019 in mind, which one of the following examples explains the definition or concept the best?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Nozuko was exposed to the blood of her mother at birth, and it is certain that she will be HIV infected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Tony was born to an HIV infected mother, but an HIV test has to be done before it is certain if he is HIV positive or negative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3)  Amalia was born to an HIV infected mother who also breastfed her, and therefore her exposure to HIV is very high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4)  Peter was exposed to the blood of his mother during birth, but his mother was already on ARVs during her pregnancy. He was therefore not exposed to HIV.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Answer <\/p>\n\t\t\t

<\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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The correct answer is 2.
\u00a0
What is exposure vs outcome in epidemiology?
The exposure refers to any characteristic that may explain or predict the presence of a study outcome<\/strong>. The outcome refers tothe characteristic that is being predicted.
\u00a0
There are two correct answers in my personal opinion.<\/strong>
\u00a0
3 seems to be more correct to me.<\/strong> What do you think?<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

QUESTION 5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Universal precautions are based on ___.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1)  a patient\u2019s physical appearance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2)  contact with HIV infected individuals<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3)  a positive diagnosis of HIV infection or Aids<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4)  risk of exposure to body fluids that might contain the HI virus<\/p>\n\n\n

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Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

<\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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4. Universal precautions are steps taken by healthcare workers to \u00a0prevent them from getting illnesses from their patients.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are 5 standard universal precautions intended to prevent parenteral, mucous membrane, and nonintact skin exposures of health-care workers to bloodborne pathogens.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Free PYC2605 exam practice<\/u><\/strong>: Q6 – 10<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Complete the following sentence: The HIV viral load is usually (a) ___ during the primary phase of HIV infection. This is due to (b) ___.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1)  (a) high; (b) very rapid multiplication and replication of the virus after infection<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2)  (a) moderate; (b) the development of a steady viral state (previously called \u2018set point\u2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3)  (a) undetectable; (b) the fact that the person is still in the window period and thediagnostic tests are not sensitive enough to pick up the low viral levels<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4)  (a) low; (b) the remarkable capacity of the body\u2019s immune system to be able to resist, even temporarily, the immense viral onslaught in this phase of the infection<\/p>\n\n\n

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Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

<\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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    \n
  1. In the beginning is the acute seroconversion illness. The virus is replicating as fast as it can, and the immune system has not built up a response yet.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    QUESTION 7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Drug-resistant TB is a big problem in Africa and it is of great concern to health authorities. What is meant by the concept drug-resistant TB?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (1)  Drug resistant TB means that the TB drugs developed ways to resist the TB bacillus (or germ), mainly because patients do not take their medications as prescribed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (2)  Drug resistant TB usually occurs in patients who are co-infected with HIV, because the interaction between the TB drugs and the ARVs makes the TB drugs less effective and more resistant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (3)  When a patient develops drug resistant TB, it means that the patient has developed resistance to most of the available TB drugs and that these drugs are no longer effective against TB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (4) It means that the patient is infected with a strain of the TB bacillus that is resistant to most of the available TB drugs, meaning that these drugs are no longer effective against TB.<\/p>\n\n\n

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    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
    \n\n

    4. The TB bacillus has evolved to resist the effects of the medication. So it is drug-resistant.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    QUESTION 8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    HIV testing is carried out for the following reason\/s ___. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (1) to test the specificity of a test<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (2) to screen donated blood, to diagnose HIV infection and to monitor responses to antiretroviral therapy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (3)  to test the sensitivity of a test<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (4)  All the above is correct<\/p>\n\n\n

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    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
    \n\n

    2. When you really really don\u2019t know the answer to a question, always choose the longest option.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    QUESTION 9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The dried blood spot (DBS) test is a convenient way to test HIV infection in young babies because it is ___.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (1) painless<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (2)  based on HIV antibodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (3)  inexpensive and easy to use<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (4)  All of the above<\/p>\n\n\n

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    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
    \n\n

    3. Although the DBS can be used to pick up on antibodies, it is usually used to test for HI Virus DNA and RNA.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    QUESTION 10<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The first antiretroviral drug, AZT, was approved for use in ___.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (1) 1983 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (2) 1985 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (3) 1987 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (4) 1994<\/p>\n\n\n

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    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
    \n\n

    The correct answer is 1987. Memorise this. It was still very very expensive, toxic, inconvenient, and deaths continued to rise for a good while.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    Free PYC2605 Exam practice: Q11 – 15<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    QUESTION 11<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (or IRIS) is _____.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (1)  treated by stopping NNRTIs and continuing NRTIs<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (2)  characterised by diarrhoea, dizziness, mild nausea and vomiting due to ARVs<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (3) a side-effect of antiretroviral therapy in patients with a CD4+T cell count of <100cells\/mm3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (4) when the immune system begins to recover due to ARVs, but instead of getting better, the patient initially gets sicker.<\/p>\n\n\n

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    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
    \n\n

    The correct answer is 4. The key is in the words \u201cimmune reconstitution<\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/em><\/strong>\u201d meaning rebuilding the immune system. The immune system is responsible for inflammation in the body.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    QUESTION 12<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Under ideal conditions, how does anti-retroviral medication work to prevent HIV infection after rape?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (1)  ART kills all the viruses before they can enter the body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (2)  ART kills all the CD4+T cells in the vicinity of the HI viruses before the viruses have a chance to attack the CD4+T cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (3)  ART \u2018seals\u2019 the entry point of injury and prevents viruses getting past the first line of defence, namely the skin or mucose membranes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (4) ART interferes with the replication mechanisms of HIV and prevents the virus<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    from attacking the CD4+T cells and thus from reproducing.<\/p>\n\n\n

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    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
    \n\n

    The correct answer is 4. It is a therapy that attacks retroviruses, by stopping them from reproducing.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    QUESTION 13<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    According to the theory of gender and power which structural intervention could reduce the HIV risk of disempowered women?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (1)  Teaching these women the negative effects HIV infection could have on their lives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (2)  Promote the decision-making power of women above men in relationships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (3)  Advising disempowered women on how to manage their relationships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (4)  Enforcing legal policies prohibiting violence against women.<\/p>\n\n\n

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    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
    \n\n

    The correct answer is 4.\u00a0\u00a0Structural interventions<\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0affect the way society is structured. Enforcing legal policies would have this effect.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    QUESTION 14<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    You were asked by the Department of Health to facilitate a workshop for sex workers. To be a successful facilitator, which one of the following points will you have to bear in mind?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (1) Remember that people have the right to differ and disagree, but with Aids as a serious and clear-cut issue the participants should all agree with your conclusions in the end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (2) The equal participation of all the sex workers is important, and silent participants should be encouraged to participate without \u2018putting them on the spot\u2019 or shaming them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (3)  If somebody asks you a difficult question, do not admit that you do not know the answer. The sex workers will lose confidence in you as an Aids expert. Rather give a vague answer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (4)  Sex workers have a serious problem due to their work and there is no time to waste with group participation. The facilitator should follow a lecture style and give them as much information as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n

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    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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    2. Facilitation is about encouraging people to participate and learn from one another.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    QUESTION 15<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    If sexual behaviours can be placed on a continuum from no-risk to high-risk behaviours, oral sex constitutes ___ .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (1)  very high risk unless a condom or latex barrier is used<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (2)  no risk; there is no proof that oral sex causes HIV infection<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (3) low risk, if a condom is used or if a latex barrier, such as a spliced-open condom, is used to cover the genitalia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (4) no risk, if only pre-seminal fluids are allowed into the partner’s mouth, because pre- seminal fluids do not contain the HI virus<\/p>\n\n\n

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    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
    \n\n

    The correct answer is 3. Oral sex is low risk, but not no risk. Pre-seminal fluids can contain the HI virus.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    Free: PYC2605 Exam practice 2019 questions 1 – 5 out of 70<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    QUESTION 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Aids was first reported in South Africa in (a)      <\/strong><\/u>when it was diagnosed (b)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. (a) 1983 (b) in homosexual men<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. (a) 1983 (b) in heterosexual people<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. (a) 1985 (b) when the first HIV antibody tests became available<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. (a) 1981 (b) when haemophiliacs and blood transfusion patients started showing symptoms<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n
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      Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

      <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
      \n\n

      2. Feedback:<\/strong>\u00a0AIDS was first diagnosed in a homosexual man who had been to California, and had gotten it from the gay community there.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      QUESTION 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      <\/em><\/strong><\/em>How would you explain to a client what is meant by the term immunodeficiency<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1. The HI virus is deficient because it is a retrovirus<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2. Your immune system is so deficient that it can only produce new viruses<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3. The HI virus in your body is immune to any deficiencies caused by the syndrome<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      4. Your immune system can no longer protect your body against infections from outside<\/p>\n\n\n

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      Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

      <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
      \n\n

      4. Feedback:<\/strong>\u00a0The immune system is deficient so it cannot protect your body as well as before.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      QUESTION 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      <\/em><\/u><\/em>The immune system consists of two parts the innate immune response and the acquired immune response The innate<\/em><\/strong> <\/strong>immune<\/strong> <\/strong>response <\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/u><\/em><\/strong>         <\/u><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1. is able to adapt to special circumstances<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2. is inherited from our parents and is is very specific<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3. is evolutionary a very old immune system and nearly all living things (plants and animals) have one<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      4. is an adaptive immune response, which means that it is specifically designed to attack specific pathogens<\/p>\n\n\n

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      Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

      <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
      \n\n

      3. Feedback<\/strong>: Innate immunity is\u00a0the defence system with which you were born. It protects you against all antigens. Innate immunity includes the barriers that keep harmful materials from entering your body. The barriers are the first line of defence in the immune response. Innate means inherent.\u00a0 It is very old and common to many plants and animals.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      QUESTION 4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Which cells in the immune system are responsible for the memory (or databank) of all previously known antigens of pathogens?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      a. Plasma B cells<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      b. Memory B cells<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      c. Memory T lymphocytes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      The correct answer is<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (1)              (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (2)              (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (3) (b) and (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (4)              (a), (b) and (c)<\/p>\n\n\n

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      Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

      <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
      \n\n

      3. Feedback<\/strong>: There are both memory T cells and memory B cells. The Plasma B cells produce antibodies.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      QUESTION 5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      We get new flu vaccines every year Why is it so difficult to develop a vaccine for HIV?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1) The flu virus mutates relatively slowly, while HIV mutates too quickly<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2) Flu vaccines do not really help because people still get sick and HIV vaccines will also not be effective<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3) Flu Vaccines are relatively easy and cheap to develop while it \u2039s very expensive to develop a vaccine for HIV<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      4) The flu virus is a very old virus which is in the human population for thousands of years, while HIVis a relatively new virus<\/p>\n\n\n

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      Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

      <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
      \n\n
        \n
      1. Feedback<\/strong>: HIV is one of the fastest mutating viruses ever found. This is why a vaccine is so difficult to develop.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

        Free: PYC2605 exam practice 6 – 10 out of 70<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        QUESTION 6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        There are various biological, epidemiological and other factors that contribute to or influence the spread of HIV infection Which of the following factors contribute to the spread of HIV infection in Africa?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        a) Socio-economic conditions<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        b) High prevalence of tuberculosis<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        c) Gender, age and cultural <\/strong>conditions<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        d) Other sexually transmitted infections<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        The correct answer is<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        (1)              (a), (b) and (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        (2)              (a), (b) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        (3)              (a), (c) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        (4)              (b), (c) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n

        \n
        \n\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t

        Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

        <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
        \n\n

        3. Feedback:<\/strong>\u00a0Since there are always 3 choices, the trick is find the one that does not fit. Which is B. TB does not cause the spread of HIV. HIV causes the spread of TB.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

        QUESTION 7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Martin is a young medical student who accidentally sustained a needle-stick injury while administering an intravenous injection to an HIV positive patient. Martin was HIV negative before the needle-stick injury. What advice would you give him in terms of the risk ofcontracting HIV through sharp instruments?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        1) His risk of actually contracting the virus is so small (approximately 0,3%) that he can just ignorethe accident<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        2) His risk is very high and he should immediately start with antiretroviral medication, which  shouldbe taken for three months<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        3) He should go for HIV testing immediately and after three months and, if he tests HIV positive,after three months he should start with antiretroviral medication<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        4) Although\u00a0his\u00a0chance of\u00a0contracting\u00a0HIV\u00a0is\u00a0small\u00a0(approximately\u00a00,3%),\u00a0it\u00a0is\u00a0still\u00a0advisable\u00a0that\u00a0he immediately\u00a0start\u00a0taking\u00a0antiretroviral\u00a0medication\u00a0as\u00a0prophylaxis<\/p>\n\n\n

        \n
        \n\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t

        Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

        <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
        \n\n

        4. Feedback:<\/strong>\u00a0Post Exposure Prophylactics only need to be take for a month. Although the risk is very very low – less than 1%, PEP\u2019s should be used.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

        QUESTION 8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Research has established without any doubt that <\/strong><\/strong><\/u>for 6 months is the optimal feeding type for all babies, irrespective of their HIV status<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        1) mixed feeding<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        2) formula feeding<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        3) exclusive breastfeeding<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        4) breastfeeding with no solids, but with water and juice<\/p>\n\n\n

        \n
        \n\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t

        Answer <\/p>\n\t\t\t

        <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
        \n\n

        3. Feedback:\u00a0<\/strong>Breast is best.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

        QUESTION 8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        <\/strong><\/u>Interventions to prevent HIV infection can broadly be classified into three main categories, namely behavioural, biomedical and structural interventions An example of a biomedical <\/em><\/strong><\/em>intervention that is currently used is <\/strong><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        1) vaccines<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        2) abstinence<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        3) medical laws<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        4) male circumcision<\/p>\n\n\n

        \n
        \n\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t

        Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

        <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
        \n\n

        4. Feedback:\u00a0<\/strong>Biomedical treatments are medical treatments. So there are two biomedical treatments listed, but only one is available.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

        QUESTION 10<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        In 1985, the Centres for Disease Control (or CDC) in the USA developed universal precautions that should be applied in all health care settings What is meant by universal precautions?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        1) It was a statement by the CDC which declared all body fluids as contagious for HIV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        2) It is a strategy on how to handle blood and other body fluids to prevent the transmission ofHIV in health care settings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        3) It is a universal or global Act (or law) proclaimed by the CDC, that health care professionalshould wear protective clothing when they handle body fluids<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        4) It is a set of rules whereby health care professionals should protect themselves and their patients by taking precautions when they care for known HIV positive patients<\/p>\n\n\n

        \n
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        \n\t\t\t

        Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

        <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
        \n\n

        2. Feedback<\/strong>: Universal precautions are strategies (because precautions are strategies) that tell all health workers how to protect themselves against all possible transmissible infections from patients. Not just HIV, and not just patients that have been diagnosed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        5 Steps of Universal Precautions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        1. \u00b7\u00a0Education.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. \u00b7\u00a0Hand washing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. \u00b7\u00a0Use of protective barriers (Personal Protective Equipment (PPE))<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        4. \u00b7\u00a0Cleaning of contaminated surfaces.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        5. \u00b7\u00a0Safe handling\/disposal of contaminated material.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          Free PYC2605 exam Practice 11 – 15 out of 70<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          QUESTION 11<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          The health status of the immune system of an HIV infected person can be more accurately predicted by <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          1) measuring the viral load in the person’s blood. The lower the viral count, the sicker the person will be<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          2) the patient’s adherence to the prescribed drug regime as well as how well the patient takes care or him-\/herself in terms of diet and exercise<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          3) doing a CD4+T cell count. The lower the CD4+T cell count, the sicker the person will be and thehigher the possibility of opportunistic infections<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          4) counting the number of opportunistic infections the person had over the last four weeks. More opportunistic infections are an indication of an inadequately functioning immune system<\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \n\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t

          Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

          <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
          \n\n

          3. Feedback<\/strong>: The question is about the\u00a0health status of the immune system<\/em><\/strong><\/u><\/em><\/strong>. So the answer has to be the CD4 count because this is measurable.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          QUESTION 12<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          in Clinical Stage 4 (severe symptoms), HIV-infected people present with the following symptoms<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          a) Shingles which is also called herpes zoster infection<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          b) Unexplained chronic diarrhoea that persists for more than one month<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          c) Severe, unexplained weight loss of more than 10% of their body weight<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          d) Moderate, unexplained weight loss of less than 10% of their body weight<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          e) Extrapulmonary or disseminated tuberculosis (or TB that occurs outside of the lungs).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          f)              HIV wasting syndrome with unexplained weight loss with a body mass index of lower than 18.5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          The correct answer is<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          1) (a) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          2) (b) and (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          3) (e) and (f}<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          (4)              (a), (d) and (e)<\/p>\n\n\n

          [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \n\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t

          Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

          <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
          \n\n

          Feedback<\/strong>: Diarrhoea, shingles, losing more than 10% of body weight appear in clinical stage 3. So the correct choices would be extrapulmonary TB and HIV wasting syndrome\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          QUESTION 13<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          The main cause of death in people with HIV infection is opportunist co- infections. There are three main ways to prevent opportunistic infections namely<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          1) ARVs, condoms and circumcision<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          2) Co-tnmoxazole prophylaxis, Isoniazid and AZT<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          3) biomedical, behavioural and structural prevention<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          4) preventing exposure, chemoprophylaxis, and immunisation<\/p>\n\n\n

          [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \n\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t

          Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

          <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
          \n\n

          4. Feedback<\/strong>: Co-trimoxazole is an example of chemical prophylaxis. AZT treats HIV\/AIDS not opportunistic infections directly, and immunisation is an important preventative. So the best answer is 4.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          QUESTION 14<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Drug-resistant TB is a big problem in Africa and it is of great concern to health authoritiesWhat is meant by the concept drug-resistant TB?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          1) When a patient developed drug resistant TB, It means that the patient is infected with a strainof the TB bacillus that is resistant to most of the available TB drugs, meaning that thesedrugs are no longer effective against TB<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          2) Drug resistant TB usually occurs in patients who are co-infected with HIV, because theinteraction between the TB drugs and the ARVs makes the TB drugs less effective and more resistant<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          3) When a patient develops drug resistant TB, a means that the patient has developed resistance to most of the available TB drugs and that these drugs are no longer effective against TB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          4) Drug resistant TB means that the TB drugs developed ways to resist the TB bacillus (or germ),mainly because patients do not take their medications as prescribed.<\/p>\n\n\n

          [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \n\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t

          Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

          <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
          \n\n
            \n
          1. The TB bacillus has evolved to resist the effects of the medication. So it is drug-resistant.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

            QUESTION 15<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Health workers in Africa often find the syndromic management approach for STI treatment in Africa more practical than the diagnostic management approach The following are some of the disadvantages<\/em> <\/strong><\/em>of the diagnostic<\/em> management approach <\/strong><\/em>in resource-poor settings in Africa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            a) Patients with asymptomatic STI infections do not get treated at all<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            b) Over-treating patients, who may receive more drugs than they actually need<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            c) Laboratories with sophisticated techniques and facilities need to be acquired to diagnose the specific STI<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            d) STls often go untreated because it is often not possible for patients who reside far from clinics to return for test results and treatment at a later stage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            The correct answer is<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            1) (a) and (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            2) (a) and (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            3) (c) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            4) (b), (c) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n

            [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

            \n
            \n\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t

            Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

            <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
            \n\n

            3. The problem is that the\u00a0diagnostic\u00a0<\/em>process doesn\u2019t work so well because the laboratories aren\u2019t available, and people can\u2019t get back to the clinics for their results and treatments.\u00a0Symptomati<\/em>c management won\u2019t pick up on asymptomatic infections, and may overmedicate.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

            Free PYC2605 exam Practice 16-20 out of 70<\/u><\/strong><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            QUESTION 16<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            The two factors that determine the accuracy of a blood test are sensitivity and specificity The sensitivity<\/em><\/strong> <\/strong><\/em>of an HIV antibody test refers to its ability to<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            a) pick up very low levels of antibodies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            b) detect HIV positivity and not give false negative results<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            c) demonstrate HIV negativity and not give false positive results<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            d) distinguish specific antibodies from other cross-reacting, non-specific antibodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            The correct answer is<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            1) (a) and (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            2) (a) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            3) (b) and (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            4) (c) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n

            [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

            \n
            \n\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t

            Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

            <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
            <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

            QUESTION 17<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Why should an HIV-antibody positive test result always be confirmed with a second confirmatory test?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            1) Because HIV-antibody tests are not very reliable<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            2) To exclude the occurrence of a false positive result<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            3) To exclude the occurrence of a false negative result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            4) Laboratories could make mistakes or mislabel the blood<\/p>\n\n\n

            [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

            \n
            \n\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t

            Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

            <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
            <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
            \n
            \n\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t

            Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

            <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
            \n\n

            2 Feedback:\u00a0<\/strong>This is a logical trick question, not a question about what you know.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

            QUESTION 18<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            The      <\/strong><\/u>HIV antibody test is the easiest to use, painless and less intrusive than other tests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            1) P24 Dried Blood Spot<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            2) Oral Quick saliva rapid test<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            3) Fourth generation ELISA test<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            4) Rapid HIV diagnostic home-kit test<\/p>\n\n\n

            [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

            \n
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            \n\t\t\t

            Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

            <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
            \n\n

            2. Feedback:<\/strong>\u00a0Intrusive means here, intrusive into the body, so the saliva test is the least intrusive, and definitely painless because no blood is needed.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

            QUESTION 19<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            The dried blood spot (DBS) test is used to test HIV infection in young babies The test reacts to in the baby\u2019s blood<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            1. P24 antigens<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            2. proviral DNA<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            3. the whole HI virus<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            4. antibodies that form in reaction to the HI virus<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n

              [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

              \n
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              \n\t\t\t

              Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

              <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
              \n\n

              2. Feedback:<\/strong>\u00a0The DBS test responds to both proviral DNA and to RNA.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

              QUESTION 20<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              In order to manage HIV infection, it is important for the clinician to monitor the individual\u2019s CD4+T cell lymphocyte count, as well as the viral load in his or her blood, on an ongoing basis A viral load test (RNA PCR) is important to <\/p>\n\n\n\n

              a) prevent anti-retroviral resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              b) assess the seventy of the HIV infection<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              c) prevent or treat opportunistic infections<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              d) measure the client\u2018s response to anti-retroviral medication<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              The correct answer is<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              1) (a) and (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              2) (a) and (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              3) (a) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              (b) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n

              [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

              \n
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              \n\t\t\t

              Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

              <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
              \n\n

              4. Feedback:<\/strong>\u00a0The HIV viral load test is used initially, along with a CD4 count,\u00a0to determine the status of your HIV infection when you have been diagnosed with the disease<\/strong>. The viral load is then used to monitor the effectiveness of your antiretroviral treatment (ART) over time.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

              Free PYC2605 exam Practice 21 – 25 out of 70<\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

              QUESTION 21<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Antiretroviral therapy has four primary goals, namely a virological goal, an immunologicalgoal, a therapeutic goal and an epidemiological goal The therapeutic<\/em><\/strong> <\/strong><\/em>goal is to <\/strong><\/u><\/strong>         <\/p>\n\n\n\n

              1) reduce the HIV viral load as much as possible<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              2) improve the quality of the HIV positive person’s life<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              3) improve immune functioning, reduce opportunistic infections and delay the onset of Aids<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              4) reduce HIV-related sickness and death and to reduce the impact of HIV transmission in the community<\/p>\n\n\n

              [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

              \n
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              \n\t\t\t

              Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

              <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
              \n\n

              2. Feedback:<\/strong>\u00a0virological goal = reduce viral load. Improve immune functioning = immunological goal. Epidemiological goal = community goals. Therapeutic goal = helping the person have a good life.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

              QUESTION 22<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              In developing countries health systems often lack sophisticated workers to cope with the relative complexity of HIV treatment, and therefore the World Health Organization advocates a\/an       <\/strong><\/u> approach to simplify treatment.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              1) generalised drug regime<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              2) standardised drug regime<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              3) individualised drug regime<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              4) triple therapy (or HAART} drug regime<\/p>\n\n\n

              [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

              \n
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              \n\t\t\t

              Answers<\/p>\n\t\t\t

              <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
              \n\n

              2. Feedback:\u00a0<\/strong>Today\u2019s WHO\/UNAIDS report … provides a series of recommendations (for developing countries)… including adopting simplified and standardized treatment approaches<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

              QUESTION 23<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              There are many reasons why people do not adhere to their antiretroviral medication. Treatment fatigue, forgetfulness, alcohol abuse and bad planning and running out of ARVs are examples o<\/strong>f _____ barriers or problems.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              1) practical problems<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              2) work-related problems<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              3) medication-related issues<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              4) person-centered or psycho-social barriers<\/p>\n\n\n

              [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

              \n
              \n\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t

              Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

              <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
              \n\n

              4.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

              QUESTION 24<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              How do antiretroviral drugs work to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              1) ARVs are cheap, easy to administer and very effective to present mother-to-child transmission ofHIV<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              2) ARVs work by giving the mother a single dose of medicine at the onset of labour with three- hourlyboosts of ARVs until delivery<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              3) ARVs lower the HI viral concentration in the blood of the baby which lowers the baby’s chances ofbecoming infected during the birth process<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              4) ARVs lower the HI viral concentration in the blood of the mother which lowers the baby\u2019s chancesof becoming infected during the birth process<\/p>\n\n\n

              [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

              \n
              \n\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t

              Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

              <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
              \n\n

              4. Feedback:<\/strong>\u00a0ARVs are given from the start of pregnancy, and work by lowering the viral levels in the bloodstream of the mother.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

              QUESTION 25<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Which one of the following people is in the preparation phase of behaviour change according tothe Trans-theoretical Model?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              1) Maboe knows about the dangers of Aids. but he believes that it will never happen to him<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              2) Lebo is considering the advantages and the disadvantages of using condoms, but she is not sure yet if it is worth the trouble to use condoms<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              3) Puleng has decided to use condoms every time she has sex She is very proud of herself because she consistently used condoms now for the past six months.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              4) John is seriously thinking of changing his behaviour and to be faithful to his girlfriend.  He  even said no to sex with random women on a couple of occasions now<\/p>\n\n\n

              [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

              \n
              \n\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t

              Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

              <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
              \n\n

              4. Feedback:\u00a0<\/strong>The first step is to recognise the need to change. Other theories say that the first step is to have no idea that change is necessary. This does not really apply to Maboe though, because he knows about AIDS.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

              Free PYC2605 exam Practice <\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              26 – 30 out of 70<\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

              QUESTION 26<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Structural and environmental theories of behaviour change see human behaviour as a function of<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              1) political campaigns and mass communication<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              2) the individual; his\/her social networks and the wider communal, political and economic  environment<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              3) communication of an innovation through certain channels over a period of time to members of a social system<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              4) advocacy, organisational change, policy development, economic change and support, environmental change, and multi-method programmes<\/p>\n\n\n

              [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

              \n
              \n\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t

              Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

              <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
              \n\n

              2. Feedback:<\/strong>\u00a0This is in the study guide, and is a common exam and assignment question.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

              QUESTION 27<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              A negative attitude to members of a group, based solely on their membership of that group, is<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              1) prejudice<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              2) a stereotype<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              3) discrimination<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              4) a misconception<\/p>\n\n\n

              [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

              \n
              \n\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t

              Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

              <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
              \n\n
                \n
              1. Feedback:\u00a0Prejudice is\u00a0an assumption or an opinion about someone simply based on that person’s membership to a particular group<\/strong>. … For example, a person might have a lot of preconceived ideas about someone who is Christian, Muslim, or Jewish and will allow those judgements to affect the way they view and treat those people.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                QUESTION 28<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                According to your prescribed book, which one or more of the following HIV and Aids group facilitators has\/have the qualities of a good and successful facilitator?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                1) Jane helps her group to discover how much they already know, and build upon their experiences by involving them in their own learning<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                2) May found that participants often remember the wrong answers that group members gave, and therefore prefers to give the group all the necessary information and only then allow them to ask questions<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                3) Ap\u00fbl remains as objective as possible. but when it comes to negative attitudes towards people with Aids, she imposes her opinions on the participants to guide them towards agreeing with her that negative attitudes are harmful<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                4) All three of the facilitators are good because each one has something to contribute to the learning process.<\/p>\n\n\n

                [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

                \n
                \n\t\t\t
                \n\t\t\t

                Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
                \n\n
                  \n
                1. Feedback:<\/strong>\u00a0All three are teaching, but only Jane is facilitating because she is helping people discover how much they already know and to generate their own learning.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                  QUESTION 29<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  By using latex condoms people can protect themselves from HIV infection. Which of the following practices, however, make the usage of the male condom more risky?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  a) Unrolling the condom only halfway down the penis<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  b) The usage of water-based lubricants with latex condoms<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  c) The usage of oil-based lubricants such as Vaseline with the condom<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  d) Not squeezing out the air in the nipple of the condom when putting on the condom<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  The correct answer is<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  1) (1)         (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  2) (2)         (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  3) (c) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  4) (a), (c) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n

                  [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

                  \n
                  \n\t\t\t
                  \n\t\t\t

                  Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                  <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
                  \n\n

                  4. <\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                  QUESTION 30<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Which one or more of the following statements about the risk of anilingus or oral-anal sex is\/are true?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n
                  1. a)  Anilingus carries a very high risk of HIV infection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  2. b)  Anilingus carries a high risk of infection from all sorts of parasites<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  3. c)  Anilingus does not carry a high risk of HIV infection unless there is blood present<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  4. d)  Anilingus carries a very high risk of infection with the hepatitis-B and the herpes simplex viruses<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                    The correct answer is<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1) (a) and (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2) (c) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3) (a), (b) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    (4) (b), (c) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n

                    [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

                    \n
                    \n\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t

                    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
                    \n\n

                    4. Feedback:\u00a0<\/strong>Anilingus, or rimming, only has a low risk of HIV transmission, but parasites, herpes simplex, and hepatitis B are all easily transmitted in this way.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    Free PYC2605 exam Practice <\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Question 31 -35 out of 70<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                    QUESTION 31<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    It is very important for Aids counsellors to know the terminology of sex practices practised bytheir clients If your client has oral-penile contact or oral sex performed on a male partner, itis called<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1) F\u00e9llatio<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2) anilingus<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3) femilingus<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    4) cunnilingus<\/p>\n\n\n

                    [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

                    \n
                    \n\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t

                    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
                    \n\n

                    1<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    QUESTION 32<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Sponk (2014) indicated that sex, within the African context, is regarded as an important aspect of<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1) reproduction<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2) self-expression<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3) cultural practices<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    4) sexually and manhood<\/p>\n\n\n

                    [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

                    \n
                    \n\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t

                    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
                    \n\n

                    2. Feedback:<\/strong>\u00a0Rachel Spronk looks at how we construct our sense of ourselves through our sexuality in an African context.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    QUESTION 33<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    The collective existence of traditional Africans should be kept in mind by Aids educators when they work in Africa What is meant by the concept \u2018collective existence\u2019?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1) Collective existence is based on principles such as the interest of the group, independence and individualism<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2) Collective existence is based on the unity of the person with his or her community, with the emphasis on the self<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3) Collective existence is based on values such as the interests of the group, survival of the community and total control and power over nature<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    4) Collective existence is based on the notion that the traditional African cannot exist alone and that his or her identity is totally embedded in the community or tribe<\/p>\n\n\n

                    [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

                    \n
                    \n\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t

                    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
                    \n\n

                    4. Feedback:<\/strong>\u00a0The other options all contain concepts that definitely do not match with collective existence, so by elimination, this is the best choice.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    QUESTION 34<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Cultural beliefs and customs should be respected by Aids educators who work in Africa The following cultural practices practised by some traditional Africans are, however, dangerous and should be changed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    a) dry sex<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    b) prostitution<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    c) widow cleansing<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    d) swallowing semen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    e) offerings to ancestors<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1) (a) and (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2) (a) and (e)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3) (b) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    4) (c) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n

                    [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

                    \n
                    \n\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t

                    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
                    \n\n

                    1<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    QUESTION 35<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Counselling is a structured conversation aimed at facilitating a client\u2019s quality of life in the face of adversity. This definition means that <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1) the client has problems and the counsellor, as the expert, gives him or her advice on what to do to overcome these problems<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2) the counsellor must allow the client to tell his or her story so that the counsellor can develop  a plan of action to help the client face his or her adversities<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3) the counselling sessions must be structured in such a way that the client experiences it as a social conversation and <\/strong>feels comfortable discussing problems with the counsellor<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    4) the counsellor facilitates the process of change by helping the client to review his or her  problems and to make his or her own choices on how to solve these problems<\/p>\n\n\n

                    [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

                    \n
                    \n\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t

                    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
                    \n\n

                    4. Feedback:\u00a0<\/strong>The counsellor is not an advisor, planner or friend, but a facilitator for the client to develop control and insight into his or her own challenges.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    Free PYC2605 exam Practice<\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    36 – 40 out of 70<\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                    QUESTION 36<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Mana is a counsellor who works in a clinic for sex workers She is always honest with her clients, and she is never condescending and patronising towards them. According to Rogers’theory, Mana <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1) shows her clients conditional positive regard<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2) is genuine and congruent in her relationship with her clients<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3) is always \u2019there for her clients’ and will always take their side<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    4) acknowledges and honours her clients’ individual sexual diversity and does not challenge their choices<\/p>\n\n\n

                    [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

                    \n
                    \n\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t

                    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
                    \n\n

                    2. Feedback: Congruent means that she is saying what she is feeling, and not feeling one thing and saying another. Congruent also means that the counsellor and the clients are in harmony. Being condescending and patronising is incongruent in your relationship with others.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    QUESTION 37<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    The question “How do I make all this happen?” is a (a) <\/strong><\/u>question the (b) <\/strong><\/u>needs to ask to assist the client (c)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1) (a) respectful (b) counsellor (c) in a way he\/she is most comfortable with<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2) (a) counselling (b) therapist (c) with effectively addressing his\/her issues<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3) (a) fundamental, (b) client, (c) to move from the planning to the action mode<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    4) (a) intervention (b) programme developer (c) in reaching the target audience<\/p>\n\n\n

                    [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

                    \n
                    \n\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t

                    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
                    \n\n

                    3<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    QUESTION 38<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    The counselling process usually consists of four phases defining the relationship, obtaining information, describing the problem and making interventions. Which one of the following statements in relation to this view is correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1) The order of the four phases will differ, depending on the model the counsellor uses<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2) in each interview or counselling session with a client, all four of these phases will feature<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3) The framework provided by these four phases should be strictly adhered to by the counsellor<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    4) Each of the four phases is separate from the others, and there is no overlapping between them<\/p>\n\n\n

                    [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

                    \n
                    \n\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t

                    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
                    \n\n

                    2) in\u00a0each\u00a0interview\u00a0or\u00a0counselling\u00a0session\u00a0with\u00a0a\u00a0client,\u00a0all\u00a0four\u00a0of\u00a0these phases\u00a0will\u00a0feature<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    QUESTION 39<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    During one of their counselling sessions, the counsellor responded as follows. “All your relationships seem to end abruptly and you feel like a failure” The counsellor used the basic communication skill of<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1) immediacy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2) self-disclosure<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3) advanced empathy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    4) reflective commenting<\/p>\n\n\n

                    [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

                    \n
                    \n\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t

                    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
                    \n\n

                    4. Feedback:<\/strong>\u00a0Another word for this is paraphrasing.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    QUESTION 40<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    <\/strong><\/u>When you counsel someone who has a different view of the world from yours, it is very important to <\/strong><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1) show respect for your client’s ideas<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2) make sure that the client understood your values<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3) allow the client to see the world through your eyes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    ensure that you and your client end up having the same views or ideas<\/p>\n\n\n

                    [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

                    \n
                    \n\t\t\t
                    \n\t\t\t

                    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
                    \n\n

                    1) show respect\u00a0for\u00a0your\u00a0client’s ideas<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    Free PYC2605 exam practice<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    questions 41 – 45 out of 70<\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                    QUESTION 41<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    The following cultural differences should be kept in mind in cross-cultural counselling in Africa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1) Most African cultures find it disrespectful if the counsellor does not make eye contact with them<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2) The directive, advice-giving approach should not be used in traditional African counselling contexts<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3) Clients should be prepared to make decisions in the counselling session without discussing  it with their family first<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    4) Group-orientated cultures often find it difficult to talk about personal feelings or emotions, and may regard it as a symptom of individualism<\/p>\n\n\n

                    [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

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                    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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                    4. Group-orientated cultures\u00a0often find it difficult to talk\u00a0about personal\u00a0feelings\u00a0or emotions,\u00a0and may\u00a0regard\u00a0it\u00a0as\u00a0a\u00a0symptom\u00a0of\u00a0individualism<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    QUESTION 42<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Pre-HIV test counselling is compulsory in South Africa. What do you say to a client who says the following to you ‘I don\u2019t want to be counselled. Just do the test and get it over with. ‘<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1) I will test you, but please sign this form to indicate your aggression and your refusal to be counselled. Please roll up your sleeve so that I can draw the blood<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2) I sense that you have reservations about counselling. Did you have a bad counselling experience in the past? Can we perhaps talk about it for a while before I do the test?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3) The law of the land is above all and unfortunately I may not test you without counselling you first. I promise I will do my job as well as possible, but you will have to bear with me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    4) I understand your hesitation, but I can get into serious trouble if I test you without pre-test counselling. Please make my job easier. Otherwise I will have to refuse to test you and I really don\u2019t want to do that!<\/p>\n\n\n

                    [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

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                    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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                    2) I sense that you have reservations about counselling.\u00a0Did you have a bad counselling\u00a0experience\u00a0in the\u00a0past?\u00a0Can\u00a0we perhaps\u00a0talk\u00a0about\u00a0it for\u00a0a\u00a0while\u00a0before\u00a0I\u00a0do\u00a0the\u00a0test?<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    QUESTION 43<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    When the counsellor at the clinic advised Nomsa to be tested for HIV, Nomsa asked her why it is so important to know one\u2019s HIV status What do you think the counsellor said that convinced Nomsa to be tested?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1) If we know your status, we can start treating you with anti-retroviral medications to stop the infection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2) If we want to de-stigmatise Aids in Africa, it is important for everybody to know and disclose their HIV status.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3) It is important to know your HIV status because this will determine your future plans. For example, not looking for a new job if you know you are HIV positive<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    4) If you know that you are HIV positive, it is easier to confirm and treat symptoms, we can try to prevent opportunistic diseases, and we can get you onto an ART programme when necessary.<\/p>\n\n\n

                    [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

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                    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
                    \n\n

                    4) If you know that you are HIV positive, it is easier\u00a0to confirm and treat symptoms, we can try\u00a0to prevent opportunistic diseases, and we can get you onto an ART programme when\u00a0necessary.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    QUESTION 44<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Maria\u2019s HIV test results turned out to be positive. She felt a sense of relief when the counsellor shared the news with her during a post-test counselling session Which one of the following statements best explains Maria’s reaction?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1) Maria\u2019s reaction is not unusual for a person suffering from post-traumatic stress syndrome<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2) Maria\u2019s reaction is very abnormal – no one has ever reacted this way to an HIV positive test result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3) Mana\u2019s reaction is abnormal and she is definitely in denial and not ready to accept her HIV positivestatus<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    4) Maria is displaying quite a normal reaction to her test results – perhaps this puts into perspective some of the unexplained symptoms that she often gets<\/p>\n\n\n

                    [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

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                    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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                    4. Maria\u00a0is\u00a0displaying\u00a0quite\u00a0a\u00a0normal\u00a0reaction\u00a0to\u00a0her\u00a0test\u00a0results<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    QUESTION 45<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Sarah do not show emotional problems after she has worked through the initial shock of being HIV positive. She does though require help to resolve social problems that prevent her from coping effectively. Which approach to counselling will be most effective for her?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1) A casework approach<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2) A counselling approach<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3) A minor intervention approach<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    4) A psycho-educational approach.<\/p>\n\n\n

                    [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

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                    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
                    \n\n

                    2. A counselling approach can help Sarah work through her social problems through facilitation.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    Free PYC2605 Exam practice<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Questions 46 – 50 out of 70<\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                    QUESTION 46<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Which of the following statements about the impact of HIV infection on affected significant others are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1) Affected others experience significantly different psychological feelings compared with their HIV positive loved ones<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2) Affected others often feel unable to cope with the new demands that the infection places on them,and are often felt feeling incompetent, unqualified and powerless.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3) The affected others\u2019 experience of issues such as loss and bereavement coincide with the experience of the infected person, making it possible for the HIV infected person to deal with these issues<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    4) Affected others may experience fear and anxiety about their own risk of infection as a function of their relationship with the HIV infected person, and this may place a significant strain on the relationship<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    The correct answer is<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    (1)              (a) & (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    (2)              (b) & (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    (3)              (b) & (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    (4)              (c) & (d)<\/p>\n\n\n

                    [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

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                    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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                    3. Affected others often feel unable to cope and fear infection.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    QUESTION 47<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Which of the following statements about stress research is true?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1) Self-efficacy was associated with a slower deterioration of the immune system in HIV- infected individuals<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2) Chronic stress was found to create greater susceptibility to many diseases such as flu, dermatitis and the recurrence of herpes symptoms<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3) Looking after a partner with dementia, especially without social support, as well as the loss of a partner, significantly weakened the immune system of the affected other<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    4) Research has found that psychological factors such as emotional inhibition, a negative self-concept and a lack of social support, did not contribute to a more rapid disease progression<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    The correct answer is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    (1)              (a), (b) and (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    (2)              (a), (b) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    (3)              (a), (c) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    (4)              (b), (c) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n

                    [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

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                    Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                    <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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                      \n
                    1. Chronic stress weakens the immune system. Looking after a relative with dementia and lower self-efficacy will both be correlated with chronic stress.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                      QUESTION 48<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      According to Egan, the same counselling principles that apply to individuals also apply to the family or systems approach – with the family as client In order to establish the family’s preferred scenario, the counsellor should help the family to <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      1) identify what they as a family need to do<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      2) identify problems, concerns and issues about the virus in their system<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      3) verbalise what they as a family want or need within the limits imposed by the virus<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      4) implement strategies that will enable the family to live more effectively with the problems created by the virus<\/p>\n\n\n

                      [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

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                      Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                      <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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                      3. Feedback:<\/strong>\u00a0All of these are useful, but only one establishes a vision of a possible future situation – the preferred scenario.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                      QUESTION 49<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      Positive living is an extremely powerful morale booster for an HIV positive person. Which of the following tips can be considered as helpful for you as counsellor to share with your client?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      1) Accept change<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      2) Rediscover your enjoyment of sex<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      3) Join a support group and keep contact with friends and family<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      4) Eat junk foods whenever you can to safe time for better things than preparing food<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      5) Manage your life better by organising your time and by setting yourself realistic goals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      The correct answer is<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      (1)              (a) and (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      {2)              (e) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      (3)              (a), (c) and (e)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      (4)              (a), (b), (c) and (e)<\/p>\n\n\n

                      [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

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                      Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                      <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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                      4. Feedback:\u00a0<\/strong>Eating healthy food is part of positive living.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                      QUESTION 50<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      Thabita is HIV positive and struggle with oral thrush During your ongoing counsellingsession, you talk about her diet. Which food should she avoid?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      1) Fatty foods<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      2) Milk and yogurt<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      3) Sugar and sweets<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      4) Tropical fruits like pawpaw and bananas<\/p>\n\n\n

                      [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

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                      Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                      <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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                      3. Feedback:\u00a0<\/strong>Sugar and sweets stimulate the growth of oral thrush.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                      Free PYC2601 Exam practice<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      Questions 51 – 55 out of 70<\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                      QUESTION 51<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      <\/strong><\/u>According to attachment theory, bereavement follows naturally when a loss to an attached person or object is suffered Significant losses       <\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      1) In current times refer to the loss of wealth and status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      2) include only humans, animals and material possessions<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      3) include objects such as humans and pets, but not possessions<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      4) can include animate and inanimate objects as well as abstract possessions<\/p>\n\n\n

                      [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

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                      Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                      <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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                      4. Feedback:<\/strong>\u00a0It isn\u2019t about\u00a0what<\/em>\u00a0we lose it is about our\u00a0attachment<\/em>\u00a0to it.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                      QUESTION 52<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      Which one of the following people whose spouses have died is involved in the bereavement task of reinvesting emotional energy?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      1) John opens himself up to new experiences by getting involved in new friendships and relationships<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      2) Mabel does not have time to socialise with her friends, preferring to focus all her energy on thinking about her loss<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      3) Peter is denying himself the opportunity of experiencing the pain of his loss by using every spare minute to watch old movies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      4) Susan is trying very hard not to think about her deceased husband and, although she loved him very much, she tries to forget him<\/p>\n\n\n

                      [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

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                      Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                      <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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                      1. Feedback:<\/strong>\u00a0Reinvesting emotional energy is the 4th<\/sup>\u00a0and final task of the grieving process. It is a shifting away of focus from what has been lost.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                        QUESTION 53<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        The young child between 6 and 9 years can <\/strong><\/u><\/strong>         <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        1) see death as universal and personal<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        2) not grasp the irreversibility of death<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        3) grasp the irreversibility of death, but not the universal and personal aspects of death<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        4) not yet emotionally handle death and should therefore, as far as possible, be excluded from burial and mourning rites<\/p>\n\n\n

                        [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

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                        Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                        <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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                        3. grasp\u00a0the\u00a0irreversibility\u00a0of\u00a0death,\u00a0but\u00a0not\u00a0the\u00a0universal\u00a0and\u00a0personal\u00a0aspects\u00a0of\u00a0death<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                        QUESTION 54<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        Trudy is a nurse with a very heavy workload. Which of the following may be an indication that Trudy is experiencing burnout?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        a) Trudy is always late for work and she neglects her duties<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        b) Trudy shows an increased commitment towards her work<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        c) Trudy experiences a loss of sensitivity in dealing with her patients<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        d) Trudy shows a tendency to spend more and more time with her patients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        The correct answer is<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        1) (a) and (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        2) (a) and (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        3) (b) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        4) (c) and (d)<\/p>\n\n\n

                        [democracy id=”1″]<\/p>\n\n\n

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                        Answer<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                        <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
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                        2. Emotional signs and symptoms of burnout<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n